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関連する概念動画

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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微生物の昼間リズムプログラム ホストのトランスクリプトームの振動

Christoph A Thaiss1, Maayan Levy1, Tal Korem2

  • 1Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.

Cell
|December 3, 2016
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

腸内微生物群

キーワード:
生物地理学クロノファルマコロジー昼間時計日常リズムメタボロームメタゲノム微生物群トランスクリプトーム

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Measuring Diurnal Rhythms in Autophagic and Proteasomal Flux
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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

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Measuring Diurnal Rhythms in Autophagic and Proteasomal Flux
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科学分野:

  • 微生物学
  • クロノバイオロジー
  • メタボロミクス

背景:

  • 腸内微生物群は 代謝の健康に影響を与える日々のリズムを示します
  • 微生物のリズムと宿主の昼夜活動を結びつけるメカニズムは不明である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 腸内微生物のリズムが 宿主の昼間活動に 影響するかを調べる
  • 宿主のリズム調節における微生物の生物地理と代謝体の役割を明らかにする.

主な方法:

  • 統合されたマルチオミクス (ゲノミクス,トランスクリプトミクス,メタボロミクス) と画像技術.
  • 微生物の局所化と代謝物プロフィールの昼間変化の分析
  • ホストの転写性,表遺伝性,代謝物の振動の評価

主要な成果:

  • 腸内微生物群は 振動する局所化と代謝パターンを示しています
  • 昼間の微生物の活動により,宿主の上皮が細菌や代謝産物にさらされる.
  • 微生物のリズムが宿主の昼間転写,表遺伝子,代謝物の振動を誘導する.
  • 微生物群のリズムが乱れると 宿主組織でゲノム全体の振動が起こり 生理学や病気に影響します

結論:

  • リズム的な腸内微生物のバイオジオグラフィとメタボロームは,宿主の昼間プログラムにおける時間的組織にとって極めて重要です.
  • 微生物のリズム性は宿主の転写および表遺伝的プロセスの機能的結果を調節する.
  • 微生物のリズムが乱れると 宿主の生理学と病気の感受性に 深刻な全身的な影響がある.