ホストゲノム統合と巨大ウイルスの誘発によるウイルス菌マウイルスの再活性化
Matthias G Fischer1, Thomas Hackl1
1Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Nature
|December 9, 2016
まとめ
海洋原生動物
科学分野:
- ウイルス学
- ゲノミクス
- 海の微生物学
背景:
- ユカリオットのゲノムには,未知の起源と機能を持つ内生的なウイルス要素が含まれています.
- ウイルス菌は他のウイルス 特に巨大ウイルスに感染するウイルスです
- 海の原生動物 カフェテリア・ロエンベルゲンシスは 巨大なCroVウイルスを宿しています
研究 の 目的:
- カフェテリア・ロエンベルゲンシスのゲノム内のウイルスファージマウイルスの統合と機能を調査する.
- マウイルスとCroVの相互作用のダイナミクスを理解し,宿主防御への影響を理解する.
主な方法:
- マウイルス統合部位を特定するゲノム分析
- プロウィロファージの活性化を決定する遺伝子発現の研究.
- 抗ウイルス防御メカニズムを評価するための感染実験
主要な成果:
- マウイルスはカフェテリア・ロエンベルゲンシスの核ゲノムに容易に統合され,DNAトランポゾンに似ています.
- プロビロファージ遺伝子は,CroVの超感染によって誘発され,感染性のマウイルスを生成します.
- プロビロファージを運ぶ細胞は直接的に保護されず,溶解時にマウイルスを放出し,CroVを抑制し,その後感染したホストの生存率を高めます.
結論:
- 内生マウイルスは,Cafeteria roenbergensisの誘導可能な抗ウイルス防御システムとして作用する.
- この宿主-寄生虫の相互作用は 利他的な行動を含み, プロティスト集団における潜在的な生態学的関連性がある.
- 巨大ウイルスによって誘発されるプロウィロファージは,海洋微生物のコミュニティにおける重要な抗ウイルス戦略を代表する可能性があります.
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