ギャップに注意:鳥の歌声における種のアイデンティティのニューラル・コーディング

Makoto Araki¹, M M Bandi², Yoko Yazaki-Sugiyama³

¹Neuronal Mechanism of Critical Period Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 13, 2016

まとめ

幼生の歌う鳥はテンポラル・ギャップの先天的な神経処理を使って種特有の歌を覚えますこの神経バーコードは声の学習を誘導し異種間の指導に抵抗し同種のコミュニケーションを保証します

科学分野:

神経科学
バイオアコースティック
動物の行動

背景:

歌う鳥は指導者から発声を学びますが種別学習のメカニズムは不明です
声の学習は,音節のタイミングと形質を含む歌の構造の処理に依存しています.
種の認識におけるタイムラップの神経処理の役割はよく理解されていません.

研究の目的:

特定の種の声の学習が曲のプロソディからどのように生まれるかを調査する.
同種の曲の特徴を区別する神経メカニズムを特定する
タイムギャップ処理は生まれつきなのか学習されたのか

主な方法:

聴覚皮質の電気生理学的記録
種間培養実験でゼブラフィンチとベンガルフィンチ
音節形状と時間間隔に対する神経応答の分析

主要な成果:

音節間の静かな時間間隔をコードする異なる種類のニューロンが発見されました
これらのタイムラーギャップニューロンはゼブラフィンチの歌の構造に対する生まれつきの選択性を示しています
異種間の補習はタイムラップの先天的なコーディングを変えることができませんでしたが音節の形状学は習得されました

結論:

テンポラル・ギャップの先天的なニューラル・コーディングは種特有の認識メカニズムとして機能します
このニューラルバーコードは複雑な音響環境で同種の声の学習とコミュニケーションを促進します
時間のギャップ処理は進化的に保存された社会的音響コミュニケーションの重要な特徴です

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