モバイルマネーの長期的な貧困とジェンダーの影響
Tavneet Suri1,2,3,4,5, William Jack6
1Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. tavneet@mit.edu.
まとめ
ケニアのM-PESAのような モバイルマネーは 消費を促進し 家庭を貧困から救い出しました 経済的回復力や貯蓄 そして女性のビジネスへの移行が 貧困削減の影響を及ぼしました
科学分野:
- 経済学
- 開発研究
- 金融技術
背景:
- ケニアで広く採用されているモバイルマネーサービスは,携帯電話による金融取引を可能にします.
- M-PESAシステムはケニアで著名なモバイルマネープラットフォームです.
- 貧困削減は多くの地域で重要な開発課題です.
研究 の 目的:
- ケニアの貧困レベルに対するモバイルマネー導入の影響を推定する.
- モバイルマネーが金融行動や労働市場の結果に影響を与えるメカニズムを分析する.
- 女性主管の世帯を含む様々な世帯に対する影響の違いを評価する.
主な方法:
- M-PESAアクセスによる因果関係を推定するために,世帯データのエコノメトリック分析.
- 消費の変化,金融行動 (貯蓄,回復力),労働市場への参加の検討.
- 結果を世帯の人口統計,特に世帯の頭部によって分別する.
主要な成果:
- M-PESAへのアクセスにより,一人当たりの消費が増加し,19万4000世帯 (全体の2%) が貧困から抜け出しました.
- 影響は女性主管の家庭ではより大きい.
- モバイルマネーの採用は 金融の回復力や貯蓄の向上と 女性の職業が農業からビジネスに 移行するとの関連がありました
結論:
- M-PESAのようなモバイルマネーシステムは 貧困削減の効果的なツールです
- 金融のイノベーションは消費の平滑化と労働の分配を改善することで 経済効率を高めることができます
- モバイルマネーの採用を支援する政策は,特に脆弱な集団にとって,社会経済的利益をもたらす可能性があります.
関連する概念動画
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
358
Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
358
Impact of Social Context on Individuals
406
Social psychology examines how the real or imagined presence of others influences individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. A key concept in this field is the role of social context in shaping behavior. The same individual may act differently depending on the social setting, due to the varying expectations and norms associated with each environment. This context-dependent behavior illustrates the influence of social roles, which prescribe appropriate conduct in specific situations.Social...
406
Impact of Groups on Individuals
446
Groups play a fundamental role in shaping individual behavior, as they establish norms that guide interactions and decision-making. Social psychology examines how individuals conform to group expectations, often adjusting their attitudes and actions to align with group norms. These norms can be formal, such as workplace policies, or informal, such as unspoken social expectations within a fraternity.Conformity and Social InfluenceConformity arises when individuals modify their behaviors or...
446
Impact of Individuals on Individuals
465
Human behavior is intricately shaped by social influences that arise from interactions with others in diverse contexts. These influences not only mold beliefs and attitudes but also drive the regulation of behaviors through both direct communication and observational learning. The study of these processes falls within the domain of social psychology, which seeks to understand how individuals are affected by and affect those around them.Mechanisms of Social InfluenceDirect social influence...
465
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies
43.1K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
43.1K
Impact of Individuals on a Group
397
In social psychology, the interplay between individuals and groups is a central concern, particularly regarding how individual actions and characteristics influence group processes and outcomes. While much research emphasizes the group's power in shaping individual behavior, it is equally significant to understand how individuals contribute to the functioning, development, and success of groups.Individual Roles in Group Productivity and Decision-MakingIndividuals are not passive participants in...
397


