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関連する概念動画

Translation01:31

Translation

21.3K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
21.3K
Translation01:31

Translation

158.7K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
158.7K
From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

23.7K
The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
23.7K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.8K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.8K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

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8.4K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
15.3K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

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三重コードを超えて: 文脈のヒントが翻訳を変化させる

Gloria A Brar1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Cell
|December 17, 2016
PubMed
まとめ

遺伝子コード

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学
  • 生物化学

背景:

  • 遺伝コードの普遍性は 生物学の基礎です
  • タンパク質配列の予測は 遺伝子コードに依存しています
  • mRNAの文脈は,コドンそのものを越えた翻訳に影響を与える可能性があります.

研究 の 目的:

  • 文脈に依存する翻訳のための証拠をレビューする.
  • 翻訳におけるmRNAの役割に関する最近の発見を強調します.
  • 重要な翻訳イベントに mRNA 周辺環境がどのように影響するかを調査する.

主な方法:

  • 確立された研究と新興の研究の文献レビュー.
  • mRNA文脈のシグナルに関する研究の分析
  • トランスレーション開始部位,延長率,ストップコドンの同一性に関する発見の統合.

主要な成果:

  • mRNAの文脈は,翻訳開始部位の選択に大きく影響する.
  • 周囲のmRNA配列は,トランスレーションの伸び速度に影響する.
  • 文脈のヒントは,翻訳中にストップコドンのアイデンティティを決定する役割を果たします.

さらに関連する動画

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
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De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

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In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
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In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Mar 10, 2026

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
10:24

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

Published on: September 27, 2015

11.2K
De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

4.2K
In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
09:13

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

Published on: April 30, 2014

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結論:

  • 翻訳はこれまで考えられていたよりも微妙で,mRNAの文脈が重要なのです.
  • mRNAの文脈を理解することは,正確なゲノム解読とタンパク質分析に不可欠です.
  • 遺伝子発現のモデルに文脈に依存するメカニズムを統合すべきです.