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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

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培養されていない微生物からの新しいCRISPR-Casシステム

David Burstein1, Lucas B Harrington2, Steven C Strutt2

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Nature
|December 23, 2016
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,未培養の微生物を分析することで,古代のCas9とコンパクトの細菌のCasX/CasYを含む新しいCRISPR-Casシステムを発見しました. これは革命的な生物学的および臨床的研究アプリケーションのためのツールキットを拡張します.

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Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

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Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems
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Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

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Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
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科学分野:

  • 微生物学
  • 分子生物学
  • バイオテクノロジー

背景:

  • CRISPR-Casシステムは 微生物にDNAによるタンパク質分裂によって 適応免疫を与えます
  • クラス2のCRISPR-Casシステムは,単一のRNA結合Casタンパク質を使用して標的を認識し,分割します.
  • 現在のCRISPR技術は主にバクテリア系を用いており 培われていない多くの生物の酵素は未調査のままです

研究 の 目的:

  • 新しいCRISPR-Casシステムを発見するために,メタゲノミクスを用いて培養されていない生物の遺伝物質を探求する.
  • 古代のCas9とコンパクトな細菌系を含む新しいCRISPR-Cas変種を特定する.
  • 新しく発見されたシステムの機能をin vivoで検証する.

主な方法:

  • ゲノム解析メタゲノミクスは,自然微生物のコミュニティからのDNAを分析するために使用されました.
  • 配列化されたゲノム内のCRISPR- Casシステムを識別するために,バイオ情報分析が使用されました.
  • RNAによるDNA干渉活性を確認するために,Escherichia coliでのin vivo実験が行われました.

主要な成果:

  • ナノアーキアからアーキアで最初のCas9を含む新しいCRISPR-Casシステムの識別.
  • CRISPR-CasXとCRISPR-CasYという 2つのコンパクトな細菌システムの発見
  • 特定されたシステムに対する in vivo RNA 誘導DNA 干渉の検証に成功した.

結論:

  • メタゲノミクスは,培われていない微生物ゲノムとそのCRISPR-Casシステムへのアクセスを提供します.
  • 新しいCRISPR-Casシステムの発見は 生物学的および臨床研究のための道具のレパートリーを広げています
  • この研究は,バイオテクノロジーの進歩のための環境微生物コミュニティの探索の可能性を強調しています.