傷の治癒中にミオフィブロブラストからの脂肪細胞の再生
Maksim V Plikus1,2, Christian F Guerrero-Juarez2, Mayumi Ito3
1Department of Dermatology, Kligman Laboratories, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. plikus@uci.edu cotsarel@mail.med.upenn.edu.
まとめ
哺乳類は傷の治癒中にミオフィブロブラストからアディポサイト (脂肪細胞) を再生することができ,以前は観察されなかったプロセスです. マウスでのこの発見は 細胞の可塑性を操作することで 人間の傷跡の新たな治療法を示唆しています
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学
- 発達生物学
- 再生医療
背景:
- 細胞系統の再プログラミングは両生類では一般的だが,哺乳類では観察されていない.
- ミオフィブロブラストは以前は末期分化とアディポゲネシスの能力がないと考えられていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 哺乳類の創傷治癒過程で 細胞系統の再プログラムの可能性を調査する
- マウスの脂肪細胞再生に関与する細胞タイプを特定する.
主な方法:
- マウスの創傷治癒を誘導する.
- 骨形態遺伝タンパク質 (BMP) のシグナル伝達経路の遺伝子操作
- ミオフィブロブラストからの脂肪細胞形成の分析
- ヒトのケロイド線維芽と毛皮を用いたインビトロ研究
主要な成果:
- アディポサイトはマウスの傷の治癒中にミオフィブロブラストから再生することが観察されました.
- BMPシグナル伝達とアディポサイト転写因子を誘発するために,新生毛胞は不可欠でした.
- BMPシグナル伝達 (ノギン過剰発現またはBMP受容体の消去) の抑制により,脂肪細胞の形成が阻害されました.
- ヒトのケロイド線維芽細胞は,BMPまたは毛皮に暴露されたときにアディポサイトを in vitroで形成した.
結論:
- ミオフィブロブラストは哺乳類の脂肪細胞に再プログラムできる プラスチック細胞です
- このミオフィブロブラストからアディポサイトへの移行には,毛皮から発するBMP信号が不可欠です.
- この発見は 細胞の可塑性を操作することで 傷跡治療を標的とした 治療戦略の道を開きます
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