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PLA2G16は,Picornaviridaeの侵入と移動の間のスイッチを表しています

Jacqueline Staring¹, Eleonore von Castelmur¹, Vincent A Blomen¹

¹Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

|January 13, 2017

まとめ

研究者らは,ピコルナウイルスが宿主細胞にゲノムを送り込むのに,PLA2G16という酵素が不可欠であることを発見しました. この発見はウイルスが複製するために細胞の防御メカニズムを克服しなければならないウイルス感染の新たな段階を明らかにしています

科学分野:

ウイルス学
細胞生物学
ホストと病原体の相互作用

背景:

ピコルナウイルスは人間と動物の重要な病気を引き起こす.
受容体結合は知られているが,細胞質ゲノム配送のメカニズムは不明である.
このプロセスを促進する宿主因はほとんど特定されていません.

研究の目的:

ピコルナウイルスのゲノムが細胞質に届くのに不可欠な宿主因子を特定する.
ウイルスの生命周期における特定宿主因子の役割を解明する.
ウイルスの侵入メカニズムと宿主細胞の防御経路の相互作用を理解する.

主な方法:

宿主因子を特定するために全ゲノムハプロイド遺伝子スクリーンを用いた.
ウイルスの感染におけるPLA2G16の役割を決定するために,機能的測定が行われました.
反作用する細胞メカニズムを特定するために,抑制スクリーンを実施した.

主要な成果:

脂質調節酵素であるフォスフォリファーゼA2グループ16 (PLA2G16) は,ピコルナウイルスの重要な宿主因子として特定されました.
PLA2G16は,細胞結合またはエンドソーマの取引とは異なる,バイリオン媒介によるゲノム伝達のために必要である.
ゲレクチン8は,浸透したエンドソームのセンサーで,クリアランスを媒介し,PLA2G16はゲノム転位を促進し,このクリアランスを防ぐことが判明しました.

結論:

PLA2G16は,ピコルナウイルスのゲノムを宿主細胞の細胞質に放出する上で重要な役割を果たします.
ウイルスの侵入は競合する経路を誘発します毛穴活性化クリアランスメカニズムとPLA2G16のゲノム配送を誘発します
この研究は,ピコルナウイルスの感染中にウイルスのゲノム転移と宿主-病原体相互作用の新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています.

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