寒さに適応した藻類の進化ゲノミクス Fragilariopsis cylindrus
Thomas Mock1, Robert P Otillar2, Jan Strauss1
1School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
Nature
|January 17, 2017
まとめ
南洋の藻類であるFragilariopsis cylindrusは 重要なゲノム差異を示している. この独特な遺伝的変異は 南極の極端で変動する環境への適応を 説明するかもしれません
科学分野:
- 海洋生物学
- ゲノミクス
- エコロジー
背景:
- 南洋は重要な海洋生態系であり,主産物はダイアトムで支配されています.
- 低鉄分,変動する光,海氷の広がりによって ダイアトムの光合成は制限されます
- この極端な条件へのダイアトムの適応のメカニズムは ほとんど未知のままです
研究 の 目的:
- 寒さに適応した藻類の ゲノム進化を調査する
- F.シリンダスのゲノムと温帯藻類を比較し,適応特性を特定する.
- 南洋の生物の生存に 遺伝子の違いがどう影響するかを 理解するためです
主な方法:
- Fragilariopsis cylindrusの全ゲノムシーケンシングと比較ゲノミクスについて
- 異なったアレルを持つ遺伝子の分析
- 様々な環境ストレス (暗闇,低鉄分,凍結,高温,CO2増加) の下で遺伝子発現の差分分析
主要な成果:
- F.シリンダスのゲノムの約24.7%は高度に異なった遺伝子ロシ (15.1 Mb) を含む.
- これらの異なるアレルは環境変化に反応し,条件依存的な発現を示します.
- 最も強い条件依存表現は,多様化選択を示す非同義語対同義語核酸置換の高い割合と相関する.
結論:
- Fragilariopsis cylindrusは,強力な選択圧力によって形成された,重要なアレル分岐を持つゲノムを持っています.
- ダイアトムのダイナミックな南洋環境への適応には 異なるアレルは重要な役割を果たします
- この遺伝的可塑性により 季節と環境の極端な変動にも関わらず 藻が繁栄できます
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