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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
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ウイルスの間のコミュニケーションは,溶解-溶解生成の決定を導く

Zohar Erez1, Ida Steinberger-Levy1,2, Maya Shamir1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.

Nature
|January 19, 2017
PubMed
まとめ

バクテリオファージは新しいペプチド信号システムを使って 感染サイクルを調整します このアビトリウムシステムは,ファグが以前の感染を評価し,複製または休眠状態に入ることを決定します.

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Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics
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科学分野:

  • 微生物学
  • ウイルス学
  • 分子生物学

背景:

  • 温和なウイルスまたはファージは,リティックサイクル (複製と宿主溶解) と溶解性サイクル (宿主内の休眠状態) の二重感染戦略を示します.
  • これらのサイクルの間の決定は,ファグの生存と集団動態にとって極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • SPβ群ファグが溶解-溶解決定を調整するメカニズムを調査する.
  • この通信システムに関与する分子成分を特定する.

主な方法:

  • バチルス細胞の感染時のファグと宿主の相互作用の分析
  • 信号伝達に関与するファグ遺伝子とペプチド産物の識別と特徴付け
  • コミュニケーションシステムにおける特定の遺伝子 (aimP, aimR, aimX) の役割を評価する.

主要な成果:

  • SPβファージは,溶解-溶生成の決定を調整するために,小分子通信システムである"アビトリウム"システムを利用する.
  • 6つのアミノ酸ペプチドが生成され,ファグを感染させ,その後の感染にシグナルを送ります.
  • 伝達ペプチド濃度が高いとき,ファージはより高い速度で溶解し,密度依存の決定を示します.
  • 異なるファージは異なるペプチド変種をコードし,ファージ特有の通信コードを確立する.
  • アビトリウム系は,aimP (ペプチド生成),aimR (受容体),およびaimX (ネガティブレギュレータ) という3つの遺伝子によってコード化されている.

結論:

  • アビトリウムシステムは,最近の感染の頻度を推定することによって,先代ファグと"コミュニケーション"を可能にします.
  • この伝達メカニズムは,ファージが環境のシグナルに基づいて,リティック複製またはリソジェニック休眠の間の選択をすることで,感染戦略を最適化することを可能にします.