MATRILINEALは精子特異のフォスフォリファースで,トウモロコシのハプロイド誘導を誘発する
Timothy Kelliher1, Dakota Starr1, Lee Richbourg1
1Seeds Research, Syngenta Crop Protection, 9 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
Nature
|January 24, 2017
まとめ
研究 者 たち は MATRILINEAL (MTL) 遺伝子 の 変異 を 玉米 の ハプロイド 誘導 の 原因 と し て 特定 し まし た. この発見は,増倍したハプロイド生産による作物育種を加速させるための新しい方法につながる可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 植物遺伝学
- 生殖生物学
- 植物の科学
背景:
- 植物における性繁殖は 二重受精に依存している.
- ハプロイドの倍増は ゲノムを固定することで 植物の繁殖を加速させるが,しばしば高価な組織培養を必要とする.
- トウモロコシにおける現存する in vivo 倍化ハプロイド系は限られており,そのメカニズムは不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- マイスのハプロイド誘導の遺伝的根拠を解明する.
- ハプロイド誘導の背後にある分子機構を特定する.
- 新しいハプロイド誘導システムの開発の可能性を探求する.
主な方法:
- 精密なマッピングとトウモロコシのゲノムシーケンス
- 遺伝子補充と遺伝子編集です
- 花粉のRNA配列プロファイリングとタンパク質局所化研究
主要な成果:
- ハプロイド誘導のトリガーとして,花粉特異のフォスフォリファース遺伝子MATRILINEAL (MTL) のフレームシフト変異が特定されました.
- MTLの新規編集は6.7%のハプロイド誘導率をもたらした.
- 野生型のMTLタンパク質は精子細胞質に局所化し,特定の花粉遺伝子は誘導時に過剰に発現します.
結論:
- MATRILINEAL (MTL) 遺伝子は,トウモロコシのハプロイド誘導に不可欠である.
- MTLの役割を理解することで,効率的なin vivo倍化ハプロイドシステムを開発する道が開けます.
- この発見は,トウモロコシや他の穀物作物の育種プログラムを加速させる可能性があります.
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