プラズモディウム マラリアエ と P. ovale の ゲノム は,マラリア 寄生虫 の 進化 に 関する 洞察 を 提供 し て い ます
Gavin G Rutledge1, Ulrike Böhme1, Mandy Sanders1
1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
Nature
|January 25, 2017
まとめ
Plasmodium malariaeとPlasmodium ovaleの遺伝子データは限られており,進化研究を妨げている. 新しいゲノムデータは 宿主との関係と進化的適応を明らかにしています
科学分野:
- ゲノミクス
- 進化生物学
- 寄生虫学
背景:
- Plasmodium malariaeとPlasmodium ovaleの種 (P. o. curtisi,P. o. wallikeri) の遺伝情報が限られているため,その進化の歴史と人間に感染する他のプラズモジアの寄生虫との関係を理解することは困難である.
- マラリアを誘発するこれらの種は 広範囲に広がっており 顕微鏡では見逃されることが多く 生命体内での研究を複雑にします
研究 の 目的:
- プラズモディウム属内のP. malariaeとP. ovaleの進化的関係を確立する.
- これらのプラズモディウム種の進化的適応と宿主交換能力を調査する.
主な方法:
- P. malariae の新しい参照ゲノムの配列と分析
- P. O. クルティシのゲノム設計図を手作業で分析する.
- 比較ゲノミクスと 分子年代測定分析
主要な成果:
- P. malariae と P. o. curtisi がプラズモディアム属に正確に配置されている.
- P.マラリアとダブルホストのプラズモディウム系統の類似の選択シグネチャーの識別,並列ホストの適応を示唆する.
- 分子年代測定は,宿主適応の収束する進化の時間尺度を示しています.
- 赤血球の侵入に潜在的に関与するP. malariae表面タンパク質の発見.
結論:
- この研究は,特にP. malariaeとP. ovaleのプラズモディウム種の進化に関する重要なゲノム洞察を提供します.
- プラズモジアの宿主適応の遺伝的基盤を理解することは,マラリアの制御と根絶の取り組みに不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
00:58Symbiosis
37.9K
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
37.9K
01:27Diversity of Protists II
1.7K
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
1.7K
02:16Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes
17.3K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
17.3K
01:15Diversity of Protists I
1.7K
Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
1.7K
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
7.1K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
7.1K
01:27Diversity of Protists IV
1.6K
Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
1.6K