病原体による食欲低下の抑制は宿主生存と感染を促進する

Sheila Rao¹, Alexandria M Palaferri Schieber¹, Carolyn P O'Connor²

¹Nomis Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Cell

|January 28, 2017

まとめ

サルモネラ・タイフィムリウム感染は腸-脳軸を操作することで病気による食欲低下を予防しますこの抑制は,宿主の生存率と病原体の伝播を高め,毒性を減少させます.

科学分野:

微生物学
免疫学
神経科学

背景:

病気による食欲低下は感染に対する宿主からの一般的な反応です
腸-脳軸は病気の行動を媒介する上で重要な役割を果たします

研究の目的:

サルモネラ・ティフィムリウムが腸-脳軸を操作して病気による食欲低下を抑える方法について
この過程における S. Typhimurium エフェクタ SlrP の役割を理解する.

主な方法:

ホストにおけるサルモネラ・ティフィムリウム感染モデルを使用した.
SlrPエフェクタと炎症体の活性化の役割を調査した.
IL-1β,視床下部,そして迷走神経を含む信号伝達経路を調べた.

主要な成果:

S. Typhimurium SlrPは炎症体の活性化を阻害し,IL-1βシグナル伝達による食欲低下を予防する.
病原体が誘発した食欲低下の抑制により,宿主の生存率が向上し,全身感染が減少した.
この抑制は新しい宿主への病原体の伝播を増加させました.

結論:

微生物は病気の行動を調節するメカニズムを進化させ,宿主の健康と病原体の伝播に利益をもたらします.
病原体の毒性と伝播の間のトレードオフがあり,宿主の行動の調節によって影響を受けます.
アノレキシアを抑制することは,S. Typhimuriumの自己増殖を促進する毒性の戦略です.

キーワード:

IL-1β サルモネラヴァーガス神経炎症ゾーム病原体感染病気による食欲低下毒性について

さらに関連する動画

08:38

Using a Bacterial Pathogen to Probe for Cellular and Organismic-level Host Responses

Published on: February 22, 2019

6.4K

11:12

Immunometabolic Circuits in Infection for Advancing Host Directed Therapies

Published on: September 13, 2024

1000

関連する概念動画

01:28

Anorexia Nervosa

1.6K

Anorexia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of weight gain, an unrelenting pursuit of thinness, and a distorted body image. It often leads to dangerously low body weight relative to an individual's age and height. This disorder is marked by significant physical and psychological consequences, making it one of the most life-threatening psychiatric illnesses.
Symptoms and Physical Effects
Individuals with anorexia nervosa commonly exhibit extreme...

1.6K

01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

661

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...

661

01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

14.3K

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...

14.3K

01:20

Infection

13.4K

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...

13.4K

01:16

Transduction

2.2K

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...

2.2K

01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

14.9K

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...