希少で低周波のコード化変種は,成人の身長を変化させる
Eirini Marouli1, Mariaelisa Graff2, Carolina Medina-Gomez3,4
1William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
Nature
|February 2, 2017
まとめ
研究者らは 83の希少な遺伝子変異が ヒトの身長に重大な影響を及ぼし,そのうちのいくつかは アレルごとに 2cmまで身長を増やすことができました. これらの発見は 成長に影響を与える新しい生物学的経路を明らかにし 大規模な遺伝子研究の力を示しています
科学分野:
- 人間 の 遺伝子
- 分子生物学
- 生物化学
背景:
- 人間の身長は複雑な多遺伝子特性で 多くの共通遺伝子の変異によって影響を受けます
- これまでの全ゲノム関連研究 (GWAS) では,身長に関連した約700の共通変異が特定されています.
研究 の 目的:
- ヒトの身長に重大な影響を及ぼす 希少で低頻度の遺伝子変異を特定する
- 機能的メカニズムと身長変化の根底にある生物学的経路を調査する.
主な方法:
- 高さに関連した変異を特定するために,全ゲノム関連研究 (GWAS) を大規模に実施した.
- 特定の変異の影響を明らかにするために,in vitro実験を含む機能的フォローアップ研究が行われました.
主要な成果:
- 0. 1- 4. 8% の間の軽微なアレル頻度を持つ83の身長に関連したコーディング変種が特定されました.
- いくつかの変種,特にSTC2では,インスリン類似成長因子の生物利用性に影響を及ぼし,身長 (1~2cm/アレル) に大きな影響を示した.
- これらの変異は,単一発生の成長障害に関与する遺伝子と重複し,新しい遺伝子 (例えば,ADAMTS3,IL11RA,NOX4) と経路 (例えば,プロテオグリカン合成) を強調する.
結論:
- 大きなサンプルサイズにより,身長などの多遺伝子特性に中等から大きな影響を及ぼす希少で低頻度の変異が発見できます.
- これらの変異はヒトの成長の遺伝的構造を洞察し,成長関連の研究のための新しい生物学的標的を特定します.
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