AHR信号のフィードバック制御は腸の免疫を調節する
Chris Schiering1, Emma Wincent2, Amina Metidji1
1The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
Nature
|February 2, 2017
まとめ
過剰なCYP1A1酵素活性によるアリル炭化水素受容体 (AHR) のシグナル伝達が自然AHRリガンドを枯渇させ,腸内免疫を低下させる. AHRリガンドの摂取は,上皮細胞を強調して免疫機能を回復させる.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 分子生物学
- 胃腸内科
背景:
- アリル炭化水素受容体 (AHR) は,粘膜表面におけるホメオスタシスの維持に不可欠である.
- AHRの活性化により,AHRリガンドを代謝して解毒するサイトクロームP4501 (CYP1) 酵素が誘発される.
- CYP1酵素がAHRリガンドのインビオ可用性を調節する役割は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- CYP1酵素がAHRリガンドの可用性を調節するかどうかを調査する.
- マウスにおけるAHRシグナル伝達と免疫機能に対する異常CYP1A1発現の影響を決定する.
主な方法:
- Cyp1a1発現の制御不良 (腸内皮質細胞に限定される) のマウスの生成
- AHRリガンドレベル,AHR依存免疫細胞集団 (ILC3,Th17) と腸内感染に対する感受性の評価.
- 食事によるAHRリガンド補給の効果の評価
主要な成果:
- Dysregulated Cyp1a1発現は天然のAHRリガンドを枯渇させ,準AHR欠乏状態を生み出しました.
- 構成的なCyp1a1発現は,AHR依存のILC3およびTh17細胞の喪失と腸内感染に対する感受性の増加につながった.
- AHRリガンドの摂取量が増加すると,過剰なリガンド分解の悪影響が相殺される.
結論:
- 腸内皮質細胞は AHR リガンド供給のゲートキーパーとして機能する.
- CYP1酵素によるフィードバック制御は,AHR経路の活性化を調節するために重要です.
- 腸内免疫ホメオスタシスを維持するには,適切なAHRリガンドの提供が不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.6K
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
2.6K
Inflammatory Response
17.7K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
17.7K
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
2.8K
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
2.8K
Hormonal Regulation
49.2K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
49.2K
T Cell Types and Functions
3.0K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
3.0K
Regulation of the Digestive System
3.6K
Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of...
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of...
3.6K


