腸 の 器官 培養 システム は,微生物 と 免疫 システム の 交差 に 関する 神経 システム の 役割 を 明らか に し た
Nissan Yissachar1, Yan Zhou1, Lloyd Ung2
1Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cell
|March 7, 2017
まとめ
微生物が感覚神経細胞を活性化し 免疫反応に影響を及ぼすことを明らかにしました これは腸内神経系が 腸の炎症を制御する役割を 果たしていることを示しています
科学分野:
- 胃腸内科と免疫学
- 神経科学
- 微生物学
背景:
- 腸内の宿主環境の相互作用を調査するには,組織構造を保ち,実験的な制御を可能にするモデルが必要です.
- 現存する培養システムは,多くの場合,固有の腸の複雑な多細胞組成と構造を維持することができません.
研究 の 目的:
- マウスの腸における短期間の宿主環境の相互作用を研究するための微生物培養システムを開発し,検証する.
- 独特のTヘルパー細胞集団 (Th17またはRORg+ T調節細胞) を誘導することが知られている特定の細菌に対する早期の免疫および神経応答を vivoで調査する.
主な方法:
- マウスの腸組織構造と細胞組成を維持するために,光の流れを持つ微細製成の臓器培養システムの開発.
- 転写とニューロンの反応を研究するために特定の細菌に臓器培養系を暴露する.
- 遺伝子発現の分析,特に神経細胞特有の遺伝子と神経ペプチド.
- 遺伝子組み換えマウス (TAC1がない) と食事介入 (キャプサイシンダイエット) を用いたin vivo検証
主要な成果:
- 臓器培養システムは マウス腸の正常な多細胞組成と構造を 保存することができました
- 臓器培養における転写反応は in vivo シグネチャーを部分的に反映した.
- ノシセプティブニューロペプチドを含む神経細胞特異の遺伝子発現に直反対の変化を誘発した.
- RORg+Treg誘導と相関する感覚ニューロンの微生物活性化が示されました.
- 生体内では,RORg+Tregの頻度は,TAC1を欠いたマウスまたはカプサイシンを摂取したマウスで変化した.
結論:
- 腸内神経系の微生物による差異的な関与は,炎症性または抗炎症性免疫応答の分岐に寄与する可能性があります.
- 発達した臓器培養システムは,腸内の短期間の宿主-微生物の相互作用を解剖するための貴重なツールを提供します.
- 腸内微生物による感覚神経の活性化は 免疫細胞の分化と腸内ホメオスタシスに影響を与える 重要なメカニズムです
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