ネアンデルタール人の行動,食生活,病気が古代のDNAから推測される
Laura S Weyrich1, Sebastian Duchene2, Julien Soubrier1
1Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Nature
|March 9, 2017
まとめ
ネアンデルタール人の歯のプラークDNAは 多様な食事と 地域的な適応を示しています 分析により,ベルギーでは肉食が多く,スペインでは植物性食が多く,口腔の微生物群と健康に関する洞察に影響を及ぼしました.
科学分野:
- パレオゲノミクス
- 古代生態学
- 微生物の進化
背景:
- ゲノムデータは ネアンデルタール人と現代人の相互作用を示していますが ネアンデルタール人の行動や食生活や病気に関する 遺伝的洞察は限られています
- 歯の微積分DNAは 古代のヒトの生命に ユニークな窓を開くことができます
研究 の 目的:
- 古代ネアンデルタール人のDNAを分析して 彼らの食生活,行動,健康状態を理解する
- ネアンデルタール人の地域の生態学的違いを調査する
主な方法:
- 5つのネアンデルタール人の 歯骨のDNAの ショットガン配列解析
- 口内微生物群の特徴と病原体の特定のためのメタゲノミクス分析
- 微生物ゲノム最古の設計図を 再構築しました
主要な成果:
- 地域での食事の違い: 肉 (サイ,マフロン) ベースで,ベルギー,植物ベース (キノコ,松果,モス) ベースで,スペイン,エル・シドロン.
- 異なる口腔細菌群 (微生物群) と相関する食事の多様性
- 胃腸病原体と歯のを患ったエル・シドロンの個体での自己治療の証拠; *Methanobrevibacter oralis*のほぼ完全なゲノムが配列化されました.
結論:
- DNAはネアンデルタール人の行動や健康や生態を 再構築するのに 価値のある情報源です
- 食事はネアンデルタール人の口腔微生物の組成に大きな影響を与えました
- この研究は 古代のヒトの健康と 長期的な微生物の進化について 洞察力を与えてくれます
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