植物性プランクトンは 乱暴なシグナルに反応して 移動戦略を積極的に多様化できます
Anupam Sengupta1,2, Francesco Carrara1,2, Roman Stocker1,2
1Institute for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
Nature
|March 16, 2017
まとめ
海の植物プランクトンは ハテロシグマ・アカシヴォのように 乱流に反応して 移動方向を変化させます このベットヘジング戦略は 移動生物が 厳しい環境を回避し ダイナミックな海洋環境で生き残るのに役立ちます
科学分野:
- 海洋生物学
- 海洋学
- 流体力学
背景:
- 海洋植物プランクトンは 乱流,栄養素,光の利用により環境上の課題に直面しています
- モチーフな植物プランクトンは,資源獲得を最適化するためにダイアル垂直移動を使用しますが,乱れはこれを妨げる可能性があります.
- 渦巻は移動を妨害することで 移動性のある種よりも 移動性のない種を好むと考えられています
研究 の 目的:
- 動植物プランクトンが 乱暴なシグナルに 積極的に反応するかどうかを調べる
- 種の継承に対するこのような反応のメカニズムと意味を理解する.
- 水力学的条件への積極的な適応の可能性を探求する.
主な方法:
- 植物プランクトン群 (ラフィドフィット,ダイノフラゲラット) をシミュレートされた海洋乱流 (コルモゴロフスケール渦) に晒す.
- ヘテロシグマ・アカシウォを中心に定量的な形態学的分析を用いて集団の行動を観察する.
- 行動の変化と細胞の反応を分析するために 細胞力学モデルを使用します
主要な成果:
- 植物プランクトンの集団は,乱流に遭遇すると,上向きと下向きに泳ぐサブ集団に分かれます.
- この移動の多様化は急速に (5〜60分) 発生し,細胞の非対称性の調節を含みます.
- ハテロシグマ・アカシワは 移動方向に対する 洗練された制御を示し 活発な回避戦略を示唆した.
結論:
- 移動性のある植物プランクトンは 流動性のある層を回避するために 移動行動に積極的に適応し 古典的な見方に挑戦します
- この活発な反応は 進化の賭けのヘジングに似ており ダイナミックな海洋環境での 生存を高めます
- 水力学的なシグナルに対する 植物プランクトンの迅速な反応は 海洋における生存戦略の重要な要素です
関連する概念動画
Diversity of Protists I
1.7K
Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
1.7K
Diversity of Protists III
1.5K
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
1.5K
Diversity of Protists IV
1.6K
Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
1.6K
Diversity of Protists II
1.7K
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
1.7K
Other Algae
550
The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
550
Primary Production
25.8K
The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
25.8K


