関連する実験動画
Updated: Mar 6, 2026

07:34
A Method to Study de novo Formation of Chromatin Domains
Published on: August 23, 2019
5.9K
ポリコンブ抑制されたクロマチンの増殖には,配列特異的なDNAへのリクルートが必要である
Friederike Laprell1, Katja Finkl1, Jürg Müller2
1Laboratory of Chromatin Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
まとめ
ポリコンブ抑制複合体2 (PRC2) は,遺伝子抑制を維持するためにヒストンマーク (H3K27me3) を使用します. この表遺伝的記憶はDNA複製によって薄くなりますが, 連続性独立した遺伝を示し, 停滞した細胞で持続します.
科学分野:
- エピジェネティクス
- 分子生物学
- 遺伝学
背景:
- エピジェネティック継承モデルでは,ポリコンブ抑制複合体2 (PRC2) は,DNA配列から独立してヒストンH3ライシン27トリメチル化 (H3K27me3) を伝播する.
- ポリコンブ抑制は 細胞の発達とアイデンティティの維持に不可欠です
研究 の 目的:
- H3K27me3の伝播メカニズムと表遺伝子遺伝におけるその役割を調査する.
- H3K27me3マークが細胞分裂時にDNA配列から独立して受け継がれるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- ドロソフィラのゲノムにポリコンブ反応要素 (PRE) DNAを挿入し,切除する.
- H3K27me3の変異レベルとレポーター遺伝子発現の分析
- 複製が止まった細胞の実験
主要な成果:
- PREの挿入により,拡張されたH3K27me3ドメインとレポーター遺伝子抑制が生じた.
- H3K27me3核細胞は,PRE切除と複製で薄められ,抑制の喪失につながります.
- H3K27me3の濃度と抑制は,PRE切除後に複製停止した細胞で持続した.
- H3K27me3を新しい核個体に増殖させるには,PRC2のシーケンス固有のターゲティングが必要です.
結論:
- H3K27me3でマークされた核細胞は 遺伝性表遺伝子記憶として機能する.
- この記憶は 複製過程で 配列独立の方法で 子DNA鎖に伝達される.
- H3K27me3の維持はシーケンス独立である一方,その新規の増殖は,シーケンス固有のPRC2の標的化を必要とする.
関連する概念動画
Duplication of Chromatin Structure
7.5K
The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
7.5K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
9.8K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
Writers
The writer...
9.8K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins
11.2K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
11.2K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
7.8K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
7.8K
Heterochromatin
18.9K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
18.9K
Epigenetic Regulation
4.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
4.0K

