複合的な複数の断層の破裂 2016年 7.8カイコウラ地震,ニュージーランド
Ian J Hamling1, Sigrún Hreinsdóttir2, Kate Clark2
1GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. i.hamling@gns.cri.nz.
まとめ
2016年,ニュージーランドで発生した7.8MWの地震は,非常に複雑で,複数の断層に沿って170km以上の断層が発生した. このイベントは,断層分割と地震リスクモデリングに関する仮定に異議を唱えます.
科学分野:
- 地理学
- 地震学
- 構造学
背景:
- ニュージーランド南島の北東は,2016年11月14日にマグニチュード (Mw) 7.8の大地震を経験した.
- この地震は170kmの広さで 複雑な破裂行動が特徴でした
- 海岸に広がる複数の地図化・未地図化断層を含んでいる.
研究 の 目的:
- 2016年のニュージーランド地震の 複雑さを分析するために
- 断裂のダイナミクスと断層の相互作用を調査する.
- 地震の複雑性に基づく地震リスクモデルを再評価する.
主な方法:
- フィールド観測
- インターフェロメトリック合成開口レーダー (InSAR)
- グローバル・ポジショニング・システム (GPS) のデータ
- 地震学データ分析
主要な成果:
- 地震は少なくとも12の主要な断層に沿って破裂し,南部のヒクランギ沈殿界面の潜在的な滑り込みを含みます.
- 大規模な海岸上昇と広範囲にわたる無弾性変形が観察され,その中には断層に囲まれたブロックの ~ 8 メートルの上昇がありました.
- 断裂は170kmに広がり 断層制御に関する従来の仮定に反しました
結論:
- 2016年のニュージーランド地震は 記録されている中で最も複雑な地震の"つである.
- この発見は,断層分割による地震破裂制御の確立された概念に異議を唱える.
- 地震リスクモデルの再評価は,このような複雑な破裂行動を組み込むために正当化されています.
関連する概念動画
Fault Types
460
When analyzing a single line-to-ground fault from phase A to ground at a three-phase bus, it is important to consider the fault impedance. This impedance is zero for a bolted fault, equal to the arc impedance for an arcing fault, and represents the total fault impedance for a transmission-line insulator flashover. To derive sequence and phase currents, fault conditions are translated from the phase domain to the sequence domain.
For line-to-line faults occurring between phases B and C, the...
For line-to-line faults occurring between phases B and C, the...
460
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings
529
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
529
Bending Moment Diagram
2.7K
A bending moment diagram is a graphical representation of the bending moments experienced by a beam under load along the beam length. It is an essential tool for engineers and designers to analyze structures and ensure they can withstand applied forces. The steps to create the bending moment diagram for a beam are listed below.
Determine reactive forces and couple moments: Calculate all the reactive forces and couple moments acting on the beam. In certain cases, when the beam is inclined at an...
Determine reactive forces and couple moments: Calculate all the reactive forces and couple moments acting on the beam. In certain cases, when the beam is inclined at an...
2.7K
Microcracking in Concrete
519
Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
519
Fractures: Bone Repair
6.1K
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
6.1K
Elastic Collisions: Case Study
20.9K
Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...
20.9K


