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国際食糧貿易に組み込まれた地下水の枯渇
Carole Dalin1, Yoshihide Wada2,3,4,5, Thomas Kastner6,7
1Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK.
Nature
|March 31, 2017
まとめ
世界的な食料貿易は地下水の枯渇に大きく貢献しており,再生可能でない地下水の11%が輸出に組み込まれています. これは持続不可能な農業慣行による 世界的な食料と水の安全保障へのリスクを強調しています
科学分野:
- 水学
- 環境科学
- 農業科学
背景:
- 地下水の枯渇は 世界的に懸念される問題であり 主に灌の撤去が原因です
- 世界的な食料消費,国際貿易,地下水の枯渇との関連は まだ十分に研究されていない.
研究 の 目的:
- 国際的な食料貿易に組み込まれている灌に使用される不可再生地下水の量を定量化する.
- 地下水の枯渇に関連した主要な輸出・輸入国及び農産物を特定する.
主な方法:
- 非再生可能な地下水の抽出量と国際食糧貿易のデータを組み合わせた,世界規模で作物特有の推定値
- 輸入・輸出食品の地下水の足跡を特定するために,貿易の流れを分析した.
主要な成果:
- 灌に使用される地下水の約11%が世界の食糧貿易に組み込まれています
- パキスタン,アメリカ,インドは 地下水を枯渇させる農産物の主要な輸出国です.
- 食料と水の安全保障のリスクを増加させるため,多くの国は再生不能の地下水で灌された食料の輸入に依存しています.
結論:
- 国際的な食糧貿易は 地下水の枯渇を悪化させるのに重要な役割を果たしています
- 持続可能な地球規模の食糧生産と地下水の管理に 緊急の改善が必要です
- リスクの高い地域,製品,消費者を特定することは,これらのリスクを軽減するために不可欠です.
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