生物医学研究への公共投資の応用価値
Danielle Li1, Pierre Azoulay2,3, Bhaven N Sampat3,4
1Harvard Business School, Boston, MA 02163, USA. dli@hbs.edu.
まとめ
科学への公的投資,特に米国国立衛生研究所 (NIH) の投資は,特許出願に大きな影響を与えます. 直接的な特許は珍しくても,研究焦点に関係なく,NIHが資金提供する研究論文は,後続の特許発明に頻繁に情報を与えます.
科学分野:
- 生物医学研究
- 科学政策
- 知的財産権
背景:
- 公共の科学投資の実用的な応用と経済的利益について,長年にわたる議論がある.
- 公的資金による研究が 商業的イノベーションに変換される経路を理解することは 政策立案者にとって極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- 公的研究投資,特に米国国立衛生研究所 (NIH) の助成金と,その後の特許活動との関連を定量化する.
- 国立衛生研究所が資金提供する研究が 特許を生み出すための直接的・間接的な貢献を区別する.
主な方法:
- 27年間NIHの助成金に関連した 大規模な特許データの分析です
- 特許における研究論文の引用による直接的特許と間接的な影響の検討
主要な成果:
- NIHの助成金の約10%は 特許に直接結びつきます
- 特許に引用される研究論文が 30%近くあることが 間接的な影響を示しています
- 特許の基本的な性質と適用された性質と特許で引用される可能性との間に有意な相関は見つかりませんでした.
結論:
- NIHの研究が特許化に与える主な影響は,特許取得者による直接的な特許化ではなく,出版された論文の引用によるものです.
- 直接的な学術特許の政策の焦点は,公的な研究資金のより広範な経済的貢献を無視するかもしれません.
- 基礎研究と応用研究の区別は,NIHが資金提供する研究における特許引用の影響を体系的に予測するものではありません.
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