マウス の 興奮 を 促進 する 呼吸 制御 センター の 神経 細胞
Kevin Yackle1, Lindsay A Schwarz2, Kaiwen Kam3,4
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 1, 2017
まとめ
研究者達は 呼吸を制御する特定の神経細胞を 脳幹で発見しました これらのニューロンを活性化すると 落ち着いた行動が促進され それを無効化すると 興奮が増加し 呼吸と感情の関係が明らかになります
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 呼吸器の生理学
- 行動生物学
背景:
- 制御された呼吸は 鎮静効果とパニック発作の管理における 臨床的用途として歴史的に認められています
- 興奮や感情の調節など 呼吸とより高度な脳の機能を 結びつける正確な神経機構は ほとんど解明されていません
研究 の 目的:
- 呼吸と脳の活動との関係を調べる
- 落ち着いた状態と興奮状態のバランスを調節する特定のニューロン集団を特定する.
主な方法:
- 特定のニューロンのサブ集団をターゲットに 成人したマウスの条件付き双方向の遺伝子切除を用いた.
- プレボッツィンガー複合体 (preBötC) の内にある約175のCdh9/Dbx1二重陽性ニューロンに焦点を当てた.
- 呼吸パターンと行動状態 (落ち着いた対興奮) に起した神経の消去の影響を評価した.
- ニューロン発射とシナプス接続を研究した.
主要な成果:
- preBötCにおけるCdh9/ Dbx1ニューロンの切除は,出血時の呼吸を変化させなかった.
- ニューロンが切断されたマウスは 落ち着いた行動を示し 興奮状態で過ごす時間が短縮されました
- これらの特異的なpreBötCニューロンは,ロカス・ケルーレウスのノラドレナージクニューロンを投射し,正に調節する.
結論:
- 前BötCニューロン (Cdh9/Dbx1陽性) の明確なサブポピュレーションは,落ち着きと興奮のバランスを調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- これらのニューロンは,ロカス・コエルーレウスにおけるノラドレナジック系を調節することによって,興奮に影響を与えます.
- 発見は呼吸が 精神状態と興奮に 影響を及ぼす 神経学的基礎を提供しています
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