単不飽和脂肪酸は,H3K4me3変容体をC. elegansの寿命と結びつける
Shuo Han1,2, Elizabeth A Schroeder1, Carlos G Silva-García3
1Department of Genetics, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Nature
|April 6, 2017
まとめ
H3K4me3メチルトランスフェラーゼ欠乏症によるクロマチンの改変は,脂肪の蓄積,特に単不飽和脂肪酸 (MUFA) を増加させ,虫の寿命を延ばします. 食事によるMUFAは寿命を延ばすのに十分であり,長寿のための保存されたメカニズムを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- エピジェネティクス
- メタボリズム
- 老化に関する研究
背景:
- クロマチンの状態と代謝過程は寿命の調整因子として知られています.
- COMPASSクロマチン複合体とそのヒストンH3ライシン4トリメチル化 (H3K4me3) の役割は,C. elegansの寿命に影響する.
- H3K4me3の改変と長寿と潜在的代謝関わりを結びつける正確なメカニズムは十分に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- H3K4me3が長寿に影響するメカニズムを調査する.
- このメカニズムが代謝の変化,特に脂肪の蓄積と組成を伴うかどうかを判断する.
- H3K4me3媒介による寿命延長における単不飽和脂肪酸 (MUFA) の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- H3K4me3メチルトランスフェラーゼの欠陥のある*C.エレガンス*モデルを使用した.
- 脂肪の蓄積と脂肪酸の組成の変化を,生化学的測定を用いて分析した.
- S6キナーゼとデルタ-9脂肪酸デサチュラゼを中心に,生殖系と腸の組織における遺伝子発現の変化を調査した.
- 食中のMUFAが寿命に与える影響を評価した.
主要な成果:
- H3K4me3メチルトランスフェラーゼ欠乏症は,MUFAに富んだ脂肪の蓄積を増加させた.
- この代謝変化は,S6キナーゼなどの生殖細胞標的の低下と,腸内デルタ9脂肪酸脱飽和酵素の活性化に関連していた.
- MUFAの蓄積は,欠乏した虫の寿命延長に不可欠でした.
- MUFAの栄養補充は寿命を延ばすのに十分でした.
結論:
- H3K4me3メチルトランスファーゼ欠乏症は,脂肪代謝をMUFA蓄積に向けて再プログラムすることで,C. elegansの寿命を延ばす.
- この代謝のスイッチを媒介するゲルムラインのターゲットのダウンレギュレーションと腸内デサチュラゼのアップレギュレーションです.
- MUFAはH3K4me3によって調節される長寿経路の重要な構成要素です.
- 発見は,哺乳類の寿命と健康期間を延長するために,MUFAを含む潜在的な治療戦略を示唆しています.
関連する概念動画
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...


