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エピテリアのトポロジカルな欠陥が細胞死とエクストルーションを制御する
Thuan Beng Saw1,2, Amin Doostmohammadi3, Vincent Nier4
1Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Nature
|April 14, 2017
まとめ
組織の健康と癌の予防に不可欠な上皮細胞の流出は 細胞の配列のトポロジカルな欠陥によって引き起こされます これらの欠陥は細胞の運命反応を誘発し,組織再生と転移抑制の洞察を提供することで操作することができます.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学
- バイオ物理学
- 材料科学
背景:
- 皮質組織は 過剰な細胞を 発掘によって除去します このプロセスは 発達やホメオスタシス 疾患に不可欠ですが そのメカニズムは 明らかになっていません
- 細胞挤出はアポトーシス,腫瘍性変異,過剰混雑に関連しており,がん転移のような病理学的プロセスにおけるその重要性を強調しています.
研究 の 目的:
- アポプトティック・セル・エクストルーションの根本的なメカニズムと,上皮組織の内在的なメカニズムとの関連を調査する.
- エピテリアを活性なネマティック液晶としてモデル化し,実験的な測定で検証する.
主な方法:
- 活性なネマティック液晶として表皮をモデル化します.
- マディン・ダービー犬の腎臓 (MDCK) 細胞単層のストレスの測定と比較した数値シミュレーション.
- α-カテニンのノックダウンによる細胞間結合の役割を調査する.
- 欠陥を幾何学的に誘導することによって,挤出ホットスポットを制御する.
主要な成果:
- アポプトティックな細胞流出は,彗星の形に似た細胞の並び方におけるトポロジカルな欠陥 (奇点) によって引き起こされる.
- 細胞の指向領域のエクストルーション部位とネマティック欠陥の間には普遍的な相関関係がある.
- 欠陥によって引き起こされるストレスは,YAP活性,カスパース-3活性,細胞挤出を含む機械伝達反応に先行する.
- 細胞-細胞の結合を弱めると,欠陥の大きさは減るが,模型の予測と一致して,挤出率は増加する.
結論:
- エピテリアの自発的に形成されたトポロジカルな欠陥は,アポプトティックな細胞流出と細胞運命を支配する.
- この欠陥駆動メカニズムは,活体中の挤出ホットスポットを予測するための枠組みを提供します.
- 潜在的応用には,組織再生と転移抑制があり,さらなる研究のために活性ネマティック液晶の類似性を活用します.
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