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Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
Composite Bodies00:55

Composite Bodies

A composite body is a body made up of multiple parts, connected to form a larger, unified object. Each part has its own weight and center of gravity, which must be considered to determine the center of gravity of the composite body. In cases where the density or specific weight is constant, the center of gravity coincides with the centroid.
Composite bodies have widespread applications in mechanical engineering, from automobiles to aircraft to rockets. For example, an automobile wheel comprises...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation01:13

Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
Within the reticular formation, there are several distinct nuclei that can be classified into three broad categories. The Raphe nuclei are located along the midline of the brainstem. They are primarily known for their role in synthesizing and releasing serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating mood, appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms. The...

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Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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機能的に統合された人間の前脳球体組成

Fikri Birey1, Jimena Andersen1, Christopher D Makinson2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Nature
|April 27, 2017
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者達は 幹細胞の球体を使って 人間の脳の発達をモデル化しました 彼らは神経発達障害である ティモシー症候群の 異常なニューロン移動を観察し 脳の発達と病気の研究の道を開きました

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Robust and Highly Reproducible Generation of Cortical Brain Organoids for Modelling Brain Neuronal Senescence In Vitro
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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • 発達生物学
  • 幹細胞生物学

背景:

  • 神経系の発達には 複雑なニューロンの移動と回路の統合が含まれます
  • ヒト内ニューロンの移動と統合を in vitro でモデル化することは困難でした.

研究 の 目的:

  • 内ニューロン移動と回路形成を研究するためのヒト幹細胞モデルを開発する.
  • ティモシー症候群の変異が 内ニューロン移動に与える影響を調査する.

主な方法:

  • 人間の多能幹細胞から 3D前頭球体を作製する
  • 脊椎と腹部前頭部の球形が組み合わされ,内部ニューロンの移動をモデル化する.
  • ティモシー症候群モデルにおける内部ニューロン移動パターンの分析.

主要な成果:

  • 組み立てられた前脳球体を使って,成功裏にリキャピュレートされた塩分内ニューロン移動.
  • ティモシー症候群のモデルで 異常に移動する神経細胞の塩化が確認された.
  • 移転した内ニューロンとグルタマタージックニューロンの機能的統合が実証された.

結論:

  • 開発された球状システムは,ヒトの内ニューロン移動と回路組立を効果的にモデル化しています.
  • このモデルは ティモシー症候群に関連する 神経発達上の欠陥の洞察を提供します
  • このアプローチは他の脳領域や 神経学的疾患の研究に適応できます