Jove
Visualize
お問い合わせ
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
JoVEについて
概要リーダーシップブログJoVEヘルプセンター
著者向け
出版プロセス編集委員会範囲と方針査読よくある質問投稿
図書館員向け
推薦の声購読アクセスリソース図書館諮問委員会よくある質問
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experimentsアーカイブ
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教員リソースセンター教員サイト
利用規約
プライバシーポリシー
ポリシー

関連する概念動画

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

24.3K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
24.3K
Epistasis01:39

Epistasis

50.6K
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
50.6K
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

9.9K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
9.9K
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

6.0K
Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
6.0K
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

7.2K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
7.2K
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

45.6K
Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
45.6K
このページは機械翻訳されています。他のページは英語で表示される場合があります。View in English
  1. ホーム
  3. 研究分野
  5. 生物学的科学
  7. エコロジー
  9. 種の発生と絶滅
  11. ヒトと果物ハエの陰性選択は,シネジスティックなエピスタシスを含みます.

ヒトと果物ハエの陰性選択は,シネジスティックなエピスタシスを含みます.

Mashaal Sohail, Olga A Vakhrusheva, Jae Hoon Sul

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |May 6, 2017

    関連する実験動画

    A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
    07:55

    A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

    Published on: March 7, 2019

    8.6K
    In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
    06:41

    In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

    Published on: August 20, 2019

    14.4K
    A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis
    06:59

    A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis

    Published on: August 11, 2010

    12.5K

    PubMed で要約を見る

    まとめ
    この要約は機械生成です。

    有害な遺伝子変異に対する 負の選択は シンर्जी効果を示し,つまり 追加の変異が 適性を著しく低下させる. このヒトとハエの集団の発見は 高い変異率にもかかわらず 種が存続する理由を説明するのに役立ちます

    科学分野:

    • 進化生物学
    • 集団遺伝学
    • ゲノミクス

    背景:

    • 有害なアレルに対するネガティブな選択は,集団内の変動の主な要因である.
    • 複数の有害アレルによる体格低下の性質 (独立性 vs シネジスティック性) は不明である.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 有害なアレルが独立して,あるいは相乗効果で体調に影響するかどうかを調べる.
    • 希少な機能喪失アレルに対する選択の特徴であるかどうかを判断する.

    主な方法:

    • 人間とハエの8つの独立データセットの分析
    • 希少な機能喪失アレルの分布における低分散の検出

    主要な成果:

    • すべてのデータセットで希少な機能喪失アレルの低分散が検出されました.
    • この低分散は,有害なアレル間の相乗効果エピスタシスを示す.

    結論:

    • 希少なタンパク質破壊性アレルに対する選択は,シネジスティックなエピスタシスを示す.
    • 合成エピスタシスは,高いゲノム変異率にもかかわらず,集団の持続のためのメカニズムを提供します.

    関連する実験動画

    A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
    07:55

    A Deep-sequencing-assisted, Spontaneous Suppressor Screen in the Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

    Published on: March 7, 2019

    8.6K
    In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila
    06:41

    In Vivo Functional Study of Disease-associated Rare Human Variants Using Drosophila

    Published on: August 20, 2019

    14.4K
    A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis
    06:59

    A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis

    Published on: August 11, 2010

    12.5K