新しいもの と 馴染み深いもの の 表現
Daisuke Hattori1, Yoshinori Aso2, Kurtis J Swartz1
1The Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Cell
|May 16, 2017
まとめ
フルーツ・フライは 特定の脳ニューロンが媒介する 新しい匂いに 警鐘を鳴らします この反応は ドーパミンの作用による 神経活動の変化により 熟知度が低下します
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- 動物 の 行動
- 嗅覚系の研究
背景:
- 動物は馴染みのない感覚に反応します
- 嗅覚システムは 匂いの情報を処理します
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターは 神経回路の研究のモデル生物として用いられる.
研究 の 目的:
- ドロソフィラの嗅覚系における新奇性と熟悉性の検出の神経的基礎を調査する.
- 特定の神経経路が 匂いに対する行動反応に 果たす役割を理解するためです
- 嗅覚学習と記憶のメカニズムを解明する
主な方法:
- ドロソフィラの電気生理学的記録
- 嗅覚刺激に対する反応を測定する行動分析
- 神経回路の光遺伝的操作
- 特定の神経細胞の 遺伝的沈黙
主要な成果:
- 新しい匂いは,α'3菌体の特定の出力ニューロン (MBON) を活性化します.
- MBONの神経活動は,繰り返し匂いを浴びると急速に低下する (熟知).
- ドーパミナージックニューロンの活動はこの神経活動の移行に不可欠です.
- α'3 MBONsの活性化は警報応答を誘発し,それらを静止することはそれを廃止します.
結論:
- 新鮮さと馴染みの処理に 極めて重要です
- ケニオン細胞-MBONα'3シナプスのドーパミン媒介のシナプス可塑性は,嗅覚学習の基礎となっている.
- この回路は 新しく馴染みのある嗅覚刺激に対する 行動反応に因果的な役割を果たします
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