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関連する概念動画

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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関連する実験動画

Updated: Mar 2, 2026

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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クロマチンの状態は,腫瘍特有のT細胞機能障害と再プログラミングを定義する.

Mary Philip1, Lauren Fairchild2,3, Liping Sun4

  • 1Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.

Nature
|May 18, 2017
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

腫瘍に浸透するCD8T細胞は2つの状態で存在します "つはプラスチックで再プログラム可能で もう"つは固定され,抵抗性があります 表面マーカーを特定することで 機能不全のT細胞が 癌の免疫療法のために 治療的に再プログラムされることが予測されます

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP in Mouse T-cell Lines
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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Mar 2, 2026

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
10:41

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CRISPR-Mediated Reorganization of Chromatin Loop Structure
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科学分野:

  • 免疫学
  • 癌 生物学
  • エピジェネティクス

背景:

  • 固体腫瘍の腫瘍特異的なCD8T細胞はしばしば機能不全を起こし,抗腫瘍免疫反応を阻害する.
  • T細胞機能不全と免疫チェックポイントブロックなどの再プログラム療法に対する感受性を支配する表遺伝的メカニズムは,まだ十分に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 腫瘍におけるCD8 T細胞機能障害の表遺伝的調節を調査する.
  • 腫瘍内の異なるT細胞状態と,その治療的再プログラムの可能性を特定する.
  • 癌の免疫療法のための T細胞の再プログラム性を予測する表面マーカーを発見するために

主な方法:

  • マウスの腫瘍に浸透するCD8T細胞におけるクロマチンの状態の分析.
  • T細胞のサブ集団を区別する表面マーカーの識別
  • マウスとヒトの腫瘍に浸透するCD8T細胞の比較

主要な成果:

  • マウス腫瘍のCD8T細胞は,2つの離散的な染色体状態に分けられる:プラスチックの再プログラム可能な機能障害状態と固定された抵抗性の機能障害状態である.
  • 再プログラム可能な非再プログラム可能なPD1hi機能障害のCD8T細胞を区別する特定の表面マーカーが特定されました.
  • これらの特定された表面マーカーは,ヒトの腫瘍に浸透するPD1hi CD8 T細胞にも存在します.

結論:

  • エピジェネティック・プログラムは,腫瘍内の異なる機能不全のCD8T細胞状態を決定し,その治療の可能性に影響を与えます.
  • 表面マーカーは機能不全のCD8T細胞の再プログラム性を予測し,がん免疫療法のためのバイオマーカーを提供します.
  • これらのエピジェネティックと表面マーカーのプロフィールを理解することは,効果的な免疫療法の開発に不可欠です.