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Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

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Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
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Conservation of Small Populations02:04

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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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What is Conservation Biology?01:57

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Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.
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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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Human civilization relies on biodiversity in many ways. Sudden changes in species biodiversity result in environmental changes that can modify weather patterns and therefore human civilizations.
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世界的な生物多様性の面での大きな保全効果

Laura J Pollock1, Wilfried Thuiller1, Walter Jetz2,3

  • 1Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Écologie Alpine, F-38000 Grenoble, France.

Nature
|May 25, 2017
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

保護区をわずか5%拡大することで 鳥類と哺乳類の 種,機能,遺伝的多様性の保護を大幅に高めることができます 戦略的な保全計画が 生物多様性の代表性を最大化するための鍵です

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科学分野:

  • 保護生物学
  • 生物多様性科学
  • 生態系サービス

背景:

  • 生態系の機能とサービスは 生物多様性以外の様々な側面に依存しています
  • IPBESのような国際機関では 生物多様性の保護に 全面的な量的なアプローチを提唱しています
  • 現在の保全の取り組みは,機能的・遺伝的側面を無視して,種多様性だけに集中することが多い.

研究 の 目的:

  • 鳥類と哺乳類の現在の世界的な種,機能,遺伝的多様性の保護を評価する.
  • 保護区の戦略的拡大を通じて生物多様性保護の改善の可能性を評価する.
  • 生物多様性表現に対する様々な保全戦略の影響を分析する.

主な方法:

  • 鳥類と哺乳類の種の保護範囲,機能的多様性,遺伝的多様性を定量的に評価した.
  • 多様性保護の潜在的利益をモデル化し,世界的に保護された土地の 5% を拡大しました.
  • 異なる多様性の側面と分類における保全の優先順位を比較し,戦略の有効性を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • 保護区の5%のわずかな増加は 種や遺伝子や機能の多様性を3倍以上増やすことができます
  • 重要な保全領域は,多くの多様性面と分類 (鳥類と哺乳類) で重なり合っている.
  • グローバルな生物多様性の表現を最大化することは,地元の多様性を最大化することよりも土地密集的である.優先順位は,種,機能的,および系統的多様性によって異なります.

結論:

  • 保護区の戦略的拡大によって,多面的な生物多様性保護の有意な改善が可能である.
  • 保護戦略の選択は結果に根本的な影響を及ぼし,目標と指標の明示的なリンクが不可欠です.
  • 多面的な生物多様性保全の目標を達成するための枠組みとツールを提供します.