シリアの保健医療に対する攻撃 (2015-16):リアルタイム報告ツールによる結果
Mohamed Elamein1, Hilary Bower2, Camilo Valderrama1
1WHO Gaziantep Field Office, Gaziantep, Turkey.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 13, 2017
まとめ
シリアでの医療に対する暴力を監視する新しいシステムは,2016年に402件の攻撃と938人の犠牲者を記録しました. この信頼性の高いデータ収集方法は,紛争地域における保健サービスを保護する国際人道法の施行に役立ちます.
科学分野:
- 世界保健
- 人道的法
- 紛争 医学
背景:
- 戦争地域での医療サービスに対する暴力に関するデータを収集することは困難ですが,国際人道法の違反を理解するために不可欠です.
- シリアでは2015年11月から医療サービスに対する攻撃を検知し検証するために,医療サービスに対する暴力の監視 (MVH) という新しいシステムが導入されました.
研究 の 目的:
- 紛争地域における医療サービスに対する攻撃を検知し検証するための新しいシステムについて説明する.
- 医療サービス,医療従事者,患者に対する暴力の影響を評価する.
- 国際人道法の執行のための信頼できるデータを提供すること.
主な方法:
- シリアのヘルスケア・クラスター組織は,ヘルスケアに対する暴力監視 (MVH) 警報ネットワークに参加しました.
- 警告はWhatsAppと匿名化されたオンラインツールを介して受信され,フィールドスタッフは検証のためにインタビューを行いました.
- データを三角化し,ヘルスケア・クラスターのパートナーと外部組織との間で事件を検証し,データの信頼性を確保しました.
主要な成果:
- 2015年11月から2016年12月までの間に,402件の事件で938人が死亡し,677人が負傷しました.
- 5歳未満の子どもの死亡率は最高で (39%) 犠牲者の24%が医療従事者でした.
- 主な攻撃方法は空爆で,病院の44%とプライマリケアクリニックの5%が攻撃され,トラウマケアサービスが不釣り合いに標的となった.
結論:
- MVHシステムは 信頼性の高い匿名データを生み出し 双重カウントや偏った自己報告に対応しました
- このツールは様々な紛争地域での展開に適しています
- 信頼性の高いデータは 医療を保護する国際法の違反を証明し 将来の攻撃を抑止するために不可欠です
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