人道的危機における公衆衛生介入に関する証拠

Karl Blanchet¹, Anita Ramesh², Severine Frison²

¹Health in Humanitarian Crises Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

Lancet (London, England)

|June 13, 2017

まとめ

人道的危機における公衆衛生介入に関する証拠は数量も質も限られている. このシステマティック・レビューでは,特に非伝染病と水,衛生,衛生に関する介入に関して,重要な研究欠陥が指摘されています.

科学分野:

公衆衛生
人道的対応
証拠に基づいた介入

背景:

効果的で効率的な人道的対応の必要性を認識する
人道的危機における健康介入に関する既存の証拠の幅と質の理解は限られている.

研究の目的:

人道的危機における公衆衛生介入に関する証拠の量と質を体系的に検討する.
この分野における重要な研究ギャップを特定する.

主な方法:

1980年から2014年の間に発表された研究を体系的にレビューした.
人道的状況における健康介入に関する関連する研究を特定するために適用される含有基準
医療の分野における証拠の量と質の分析

主要な成果:

345件の研究が特定され,健康に関するトピックによってエビデンスの量に重大な差異がありました (例えば,伝染病: 131,栄養: 77,非伝染病: 8).
研究の設計と方法論に共通する欠陥が認められ,介入の因果関係と帰属を決定する能力を制限した.
証拠の量と質は,特に非伝染病と水,衛生,衛生 (WASH) については,著しく制限されています.

結論:

人道的保健活動が増加したにも関わらず,研究基盤は数量的にも質的にも限られている.
人道的な環境での医療介入に関する研究を拡大することが不可欠です
人道的保健対応の効果と効率を高めるには研究のギャップを補うことが不可欠です

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