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Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

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Overview of Valence Bond Theory
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Exceptions to the Octet Rule02:55

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

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Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:
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Lewis Structures and Formal Charges02:19

Lewis Structures and Formal Charges

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Lewis symbols can be used to indicate the formation of covalent bonds, which are shown in Lewis structures—drawings that describe the bonding in molecules and polyatomic ions. The periodic table can be used to predict the number of valence electrons in an atom and the number of bonds that will be formed to reach an octet. Group 18 elements, such as argon and helium, have filled electron configurations and thus rarely participate in chemical bonding. However, atoms from group 17, such as...
23.7K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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アメリカウム (III) ヘキサクロイドにおける共価性

Justin N Cross1, Jing Su1, Enrique R Batista1

  • 1Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 15, 2017
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

材料の特性を理解することは極めて重要です この研究は,X線吸収スペクトロスコーピーを用いてAm-Cl相互作用における共振結合を定量化し,アメリカシウムの5f軌道共振性に関するシーボルグの仮説を確認した.

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A Novel Technique for Raman Analysis of Highly Radioactive Samples Using Any Standard Micro-Raman Spectrometer
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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科学分野:

  • 化学的結合
  • スペクトロスコーピー
  • 材料科学

背景:

  • 化学的,物理的な性質に 根本的な役割を果たします
  • コヴァレンシーを定量化することは困難で,特にアメリカシウムの行動に関して,科学的な議論につながります.
  • アメリカウム5f軌道共振に関する以前の仮説は,何十年も議論されてきた.

研究 の 目的:

  • AmCl63-内のAm-Cl相互作用における共性結合の程度を定量化する.
  • 5fと6dの軌道混合の役割を調査する.
  • AmCl63-とEuCl63-のようなアイソエレクトロニックシステムを比較する.

主な方法:

  • リガンドKエッジX線吸収スペクトロスコーピー (XAS) が使用された.
  • 軌道相互作用を分析するために電子構造の計算を行った.
  • 配合結合を定量化するために,スペクトロスコピーと計算データを使用した.

主要な成果:

  • Amの5fと6dの軌道がCl3pの軌道と混合している.
  • Am6d軌道からの軌道の混合は,5f軌道からのより実質的であった.
  • 結果は,Am 5f軌道の共振がEu 4f軌道の混合よりも大きいというSeaborgの仮説を確認した.

結論:

  • この研究は,難しいAm-Clシステムにおける共価性を量化することに成功しました.
  • リガンドKエッジXASと電子構造計算は,軌道混合を研究するための堅固な方法を提供します.
  • この発見は,アクティニド化合物の結合の性質に関する長年の仮説を裏付けている.