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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

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Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
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遺伝子発現の調節におけるダイナミックRNA変異

Ian A Roundtree1, Molly E Evans2, Tao Pan2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago, 924 East 57(th) Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Cell
|June 17, 2017
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

N6-メチラデノシン (m6A) を含むダイナミックなRNAの改変は,コード化RNAと非コード化RNAの両方の遺伝子調節と細胞過程において極めて重要です. これらの改変は 遺伝子情報に対する新たなコントロールの 層を追加します

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An In Vitro Assay to Detect tRNA-Isopentenyl Transferase Activity
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Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
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A Method for Measuring RNA N6-methyladenosine Modifications in Cells and Tissues
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科学分野:

  • 生物化学
  • 分子生物学
  • 遺伝学

背景:

  • 細胞RNAには100種類以上の化学的変化がある.
  • 5'キャップとポリA) 尾は,既知のレギュレータであるが,内部RNAの改変は,その役割としてますます認識されている.
  • N6-メチラデノシン (m6A) は,最も豊富な内部mRNAの改変である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 内部RNA改変の重要性を強調する.
  • RNAマークの設置,認識,除去に関与するタンパク質の役割を強調する.
  • 細胞機能に対する RNA 改変の広範な影響を説明する.

主な方法:

  • RNA改変に関与するタンパク質の特定
  • RNA改変の機能的結果の分析
  • 暗号化RNAと非暗号化RNAの両方の修正を調査する.

主要な成果:

  • RNAの改変は,mRNAの代謝のほぼすべての側面に関与している.
  • これらの改変は細胞,発達,疾患のプロセスにおいて重要な役割を果たします.
  • tRNA,rRNA,spliceosomal RNAのような非コーディングRNAは,機能のための修正に依存しています.

結論:

  • ダイナミックなRNA変異は 遺伝情報制御の基本的な層を表しています
  • これらの変化を理解することは 遺伝子発現と細胞の調節を理解する上で 鍵となるものです
  • RNAの改変に関するさらなる研究は,健康と病気への貢献を明らかにします.