関連する実験動画
Updated: Feb 27, 2026

09:34
Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols
Published on: April 21, 2017
17.4K
火山噴火によるエアロゾールと雲の相互作用に対する強い制約
Florent F Malavelle1, Jim M Haywood1,2, Andy Jones2
1College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Nature
|June 23, 2017
まとめ
2014~2015年のホルハロン噴火のような大規模な火山噴火は,エアロゾールと雲の相互作用に関する洞察を提供します. この研究では,エアロゾールは主に雲の滴のサイズを小さくし,雲の明るさや放射的強制を引き起こしたが,他の雲の性質を大幅に変化させなかった.
科学分野:
- 大気科学
- 気候科学
- 地球科学
背景:
- エアロゾールは 雲と相互作用することで 気候に大きな影響を及ぼしますが その正確な影響は不明です
- 火山噴火は,エアロゾールと雲の相互作用とその気候効果を研究するための自然実験を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 2014~2015年のホルハラウンの火山噴火で発生したエアロゾールの雲の性質と放射力への影響を定量化する.
- 雲に対するエアロゾールの間接的な影響を調べることで,気候予測の不確実性を減らす.
主な方法:
- 2014~2015年のアイスランドのホルハラウンの大規模な裂け目の噴火後の雲の性質と放射力強迫の分析.
- 噴火を自然実験として エアロゾールと雲の相互作用を観察する
主要な成果:
- 噴火は理論的な期待と一致する 液体雲の滴の大きさの減少につながった.
- 2014年9月から10月に観測された雲の明るさと,地球全体の平均放射力約 -0.2 W/m2です.
- 雲の量や雲の液体の水路などの他の雲の特性には 影響が認められなかった.
結論:
- 雲のシステムはエアロゾールの変化に対して回復力を発揮し,間接的な影響はよくバッファリングされます.
- この発見は エアロゾールに対する 過剰な液体-水路反応を排除することで 気候モデルを改良するのに役立ちます
- この研究は,エアロゾールと雲の相互作用に関連する気候予測の不確実性を軽減します.
関連する概念動画
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference
698
In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
698
Precipitation Processes
6.3K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
6.3K
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control
6.9K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
6.9K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference
2.2K
Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
2.2K
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation
3.4K
Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
3.4K
Volatilization
6.3K
Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...
6.3K

