セルロースバイオ燃料の持続可能なエネルギーへの貢献:選択肢と成果

G Philip Robertson^1,2,3, Stephen K Hamilton^4,3,5, Bradford L Barham^6,7

¹W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA. robert30@msu.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 1, 2017

まとめ

セルロース作物は将来の輸送エネルギー需要を満たすことができます地域特有の多年生植物を慎重に選んで辺境の土地に植え付けることで環境リスクを軽減し気候目標と生物多様性を支援できます

科学分野:

農業科学
環境科学
エネルギー政策

背景:

セルロース作物は将来の輸送エネルギーの鍵ですが大規模な土地の需要は環境リスクをもたらします
バイオエネルギーの土地利用に関する効果的な政策には,トレードオフを理解することが不可欠です.
気候変動の緩和,生物多様性,窒素の損失,水の利用なども懸念されています.

研究の目的:

セルロース製バイオエネルギーの環境への影響を評価する.
土地の要求に関連する潜在的な害を軽減するための戦略を特定する.
持続可能なバイオエネルギー開発のための政策を策定する.

主な方法:

セルロース生物エネルギー生産システムの経験的分析
環境要因の評価:気候,生物多様性,窒素,水
農作物の評価植え付け管理戦略

主要な成果:

農作物の選択,土地の配置,管理慣行における情報に基づいた選択を通じて環境の懸念を管理することができます.
辺境の土地で育つ多年生植物は気候変動を緩和する大きな可能性を示しています
持続可能なバイオエネルギー生産は,エネルギー需要と生態学的配慮のバランスをとることで達成できます.

結論:

セルロース作物の戦略的栽培は持続可能なエネルギーの実現に有効な道を示しています
政策は経験的なデータに基づかなければなりませんバイオエネルギーの開発が気候変動の緩和と生物多様性に利益をもたらすようにするためです
バイオエネルギーの生産における環境的なトレードオフに対処するには,慎重な管理慣行が不可欠です.

さらに関連する動画

10:50

Transcript and Metabolite Profiling for the Evaluation of Tobacco Tree and Poplar as Feedstock for the Bio-based Industry

Published on: May 16, 2014

15.8K

11:26

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

Published on: June 17, 2014

17.2K

関連する概念動画

01:30

Environmental Applications of Microorganisms

1.3K

Microorganisms play a pivotal role in maintaining ecosystem balance by recycling essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as supporting processes like bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and biofuel production.Microbes in Elemental CyclesIn the carbon cycle, microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing carbon dioxide via aerobic respiration. This carbon dioxide is subsequently used by photosynthetic organisms to synthesize organic compounds, closing the...

1.3K

01:43

Sustainable Development

15.3K

As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.

15.3K

01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

11.5K

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...

11.5K

01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

5.1K

Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth. Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...

5.1K

01:13

Outcomes of Glycolysis

108.1K

Nearly all the energy used by cells comes from the bonds that make up complex organic compounds. These organic compounds are broken down into simpler molecules, such as glucose. As a result, cells extract energy from glucose over many chemical reactions—a process called cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration can occur aerobically (with oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). In the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration starts with glycolysis and continues with pyruvate...

108.1K

01:10

Sugars as Energy Storage Molecules

10.1K

Sugar (a simple carbohydrate) metabolism (chemical reactions) is a classic example of the many cellular processes that use and produce energy. Living things consume sugar as a major energy source because sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds. Consumed carbohydrates have their origins in photosynthesizing organisms like plants. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules, like glucose. Because this...