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関連する概念動画

Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

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Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
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Habitat Fragmentation02:31

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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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The Carbon Cycle01:14

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Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
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What is Conservation Biology?01:57

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Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.
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世界 規模 で 燃え尽き た 土地 の 減少

N Andela1,2, D C Morton3, L Giglio4

  • 1Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. niels.andela@nasa.gov.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 1, 2017
PubMed
まとめ

世界的な火災の発生は 過去18年間で著しく減少しました 主に農業の拡大が原因です この傾向は生態系,大気組成,炭素循環に影響を及ぼし,現在の火災モデルは将来の排出量を過大評価している可能性があります.

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科学分野:

  • 地球システム科学
  • エコロジー
  • 大気科学

背景:

  • 火は生態系と大気の組成に影響を与える 地球システムの重要なプロセスです
  • 長期の火災の傾向を理解することは 気候と生態系のモデリングに不可欠です

研究 の 目的:

  • 複数の衛星データセットを使用して,世界の長期火災の傾向を評価する.
  • 燃えた領域の観測された変化の主なドライバーを特定する.
  • エアロゾール濃度,植物の構造,そして地球上の炭素吸収源への火災傾向の影響を評価する.

主な方法:

  • 18年の間,複数の衛星から得られた 焼いたエリアのデータセットの分析.
  • 観測結果の信頼性を確保するために,降水変動の統計的調整を行う.
  • 経済的,人口学的変数との相関分析により,火災傾向の要因を特定する.

主要な成果:

  • 過去18年間で全焼面積は24. 3±8. 8%減少した.
  • 減少はサバンナの生態系で最も顕著で 降雨を考慮すると強かった.
  • 農業の拡大と集中が 減少した火災の主要な原因と判明しました

結論:

  • 観測された火災減少は,現在の火災モデルが将来の排出量を過大評価していることを示唆しています.
  • 火災の減少は,エアロゾールレベル,植生,そして地球上の炭素吸収に重大な影響を及ぼします.
  • 経済的,人口学的要因を統合した概念モデルは,人間に影響を受けた風景における火災の動態を予測することができます.