パーソナライズされたRNAミュータノームワクチンは,がんに対するポリスペシフィックな治療免疫を動員する
Ugur Sahin1,2,3, Evelyna Derhovanessian1, Matthias Miller1
1Biopharmaceutical New Technologies (BioNTech) Corporation, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Nature
|July 6, 2017
まとめ
ガン変異を標的とした個別化されたRNAワクチンは,メラノーマ患者のT細胞を成功裏に活性化させました. このパーソナライズされた免疫療法のアプローチは,転移を大幅に減らし,進行のない生存率を向上させ,がん治療の新たな経路を示しました.
科学分野:
- 腫瘍学
- 免疫学
- ワクチン学
背景:
- がん変異の自発的な免疫認識はしばしば非効率である.
- 個別化されたミュータノームワクチンは,がん変異のスペクトルをターゲットにすることで,これを克服することを目的としています.
- RNAベースのポリネオエピトープワクチンは,パーソナライズされたがん免疫療法の新しい戦略を表しています.
研究 の 目的:
- メラノーマ患者に個別化されたRNAベースのポリネオエピトープワクチンを初めて投与したことを報告する.
- このパーソナライズされたネオエピトープワクチンの安全性と有効性を評価する.
- ワクチン接種患者におけるT細胞反応の誘導と臨床結果の評価.
主な方法:
- 個々の腫瘍変異の総合的な特定
- 特定された変異からネオエピトープの計算予測.
- 複数のネオエピトープをコードする患者特有のRNAワクチンの設計と製造.
- T細胞の反応,腫瘍の浸透,ワクチン接種後の臨床結果の評価
主要な成果:
- すべての患者は,複数のワクチンネオエピトープに対するT細胞反応を発症した.
- ワクチンの誘発によるT細胞浸透と新エピトープ特異的な自己組織腫瘍細胞の破壊が観察された.
- 大幅な転移の減少と持続的な無進行生存が達成されました.
- 客観的な反応は2人の患者で観察され,1人の患者はPD-1阻害と併用して完全な反応を示した.
- β2-マイクログローブリン欠乏性メラノーマ細胞を含む抵抗メカニズムが特定されました.
結論:
- 個別化されたRNAベースのネオエピトープワクチンは,がん変異に対するT細胞免疫を効果的に動員することができます.
- このパーソナライズされた免疫療法のアプローチは,転移の拡大を減らし,メラノーマの臨床結果を改善する見込みを示しています.
- パーソナライズされたワクチンを介して 個々の腫瘍変異を活用することで 癌患者のための新たな治療法が開かれます
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