ホスト特異性決定因子の機能的損失による小麦爆破菌の進化
Yoshihiro Inoue1, Trinh T P Vy1, Kentaro Yoshida1,2
1Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
まとめ
破壊的な作物病である小麦炎は 特定の小麦の栽培方法と病原体の進化により ブラジルで発生したと考えられます これらの要因を理解することは 将来の流行を防ぐための鍵です
科学分野:
- 植物病理学
- 遺伝学
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 小麦の爆発は,マグナポルテ・オライゼ病原型トリチウム (Mgt) によって引き起こされ,世界の小麦生産に重大な脅威をもたらしています.
- この病原体は1980年代にブラジルで初めて現れ 最近ではアジアで深刻な作物損失を引き起こしています
- 進化のメカニズムは 完全には解明されていません
研究 の 目的:
- ブラジルの小麦粉の進化の起源を調査する
- 爆破病原体の小麦への宿主ジャンプに寄与する遺伝的要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- ブラスト菌の毒性遺伝子の遺伝子解析
- 毒性遺伝子 (PWT3とPWT4) とその対応する小麦耐性遺伝子 (Rwt3とRwt4) のクローン化
- 遺伝子分布とブラジルにおける小麦の栽培の歴史データを分析した.
主要な成果:
- 耐性遺伝子のRwt3とRwt4を持つ小麦の品種で防御反応を誘発するPWT3とPWT4がクローンされた.
- ロリウム単離物に対して敏感な"rwt3"小麦の栽培が広範囲に広がったことが,PWT3の毒性遺伝子の機能喪失に先立ちました.
- これは"rwt3"小麦が病原体が小麦に適応する上で重要な橋渡し役を演じたことを示唆している.
結論:
- ブラジルの小麦爆発の発生は,おそらく,受容性の高い"rwt3"の小麦の栽培種の展開によって引き起こされた.
- "rwt3"の小麦によって促進されたPWT3の毒性遺伝子の機能喪失は,病原体の小麦への適応における重要なステップでした.
- この進化のダイナミクスを理解することは,小麦の爆発管理と防止のための戦略を開発するために不可欠です.
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