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コランジオシトは,肝臓細胞の再生に障害があるとき,肝臓幹細胞として機能する
Alexander Raven1, Wei-Yu Lu1, Tak Yung Man1
1MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
Nature
|July 13, 2017
まとめ
重度の肝損傷では肝細胞 (肝細胞) が再生できなくなり,コレランジオサイトと呼ばれる他の細胞が新しい肝細胞になる. この発見は慢性肝疾患の治療に希望を与えてくれます
科学分野:
- ヘパトロジー
- 再生医療
- 細胞生物学
背景:
- 肝臓の再生は通常,肝細胞の自己複製に依存しています.
- 肝細胞増殖の障害は慢性肝疾患の特徴である.
- 肝細胞以外の細胞タイプが肝細胞を再生する可能性はほとんど未知のままです.
研究 の 目的:
- 損傷後の肝臓再生に対する非肝細胞の貢献を調査する.
- 肝臓細胞の増殖が抑制されたときに肝臓細胞に微分化する可能性を探る.
主な方法:
- 肝臓損傷時の肝細胞増殖を阻害するために2つの独立した実験システムを利用した.
- 肝細胞におけるβ1インテグリンの減少と,同時にβ1インテグリンのノックダウンまたはp21過剰発現による肝細胞増殖の抑制を用いる.
- 肝臓細胞の増殖が抑制された状態でのコレランジオサイトの系統追跡.
主要な成果:
- 肝細胞の増殖が低下すると,コレランジオサイトから発生するダクトル反応が起きます.
- 新しく形成された肝細胞の約25%は非肝細胞の源から得られた.
- コランジオサイト由来肝細胞の有意な出現が観察されました.
結論:
- コランジオサイトは,肝細胞増殖が抑制された重度の肝損傷のモデルで機能性肝細胞を再生することができます.
- この発見は肝臓再生のための新しいメカニズムと 慢性肝臓疾患の潜在的な治療戦略を提示しています
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