関連する実験動画
Updated: Feb 26, 2026

08:51
Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers
Published on: August 18, 2017
11.0K
分子内α効果の存在を証明するステレオ電子相互作用
Eusebio Juaristi1,2, Gabriel Dos Passos Gomes3, Alexander O Terent'ev4
1Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados , Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 14, 2017
まとめ
アノメリック効果を使用して研究されたα効果は,接続されたヘテロ原子の単一のペアは予想よりも弱いドナーであることを示しています. 極性溶媒は,通常のシステムとは異なり,α効果を驚くほど強化します.
科学分野:
- 有機化学におけるステレオ電子効果
- 計算式化学と反応機構
背景:
- 分子内α効果は,隣接するヘテロ原子間の電子相互作用を記述する.
- 以前のモデルでは,α-システムに対するドナー特性の強化が予測されていたが,実験的証拠は限られていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 基底状態の構造と反応中間物質における分子内α効果を体系的に調査する.
- ステレオ電子的要因と溶媒の影響によるα効果の役割を解明する.
主な方法:
- 内部ステレオエレクトロニクスプローブとしてアノメリック効果を利用した.
- アサイクリックとサイクリック (ヘテロサイクロヘクサン) α-システムの両方を分析した.
- 充電されたヘテロ原子と電子不足の中間物質の影響を調査した.
主要な成果:
- α系における単一のペアは,単純な軌道混合モデルによって予測されるよりも弱いドナー能力を示す.
- 極性溶媒は,正常なシステムに対する弱体化効果とは対照的に,観察されたα効果を高めます.
- 充電されたα-ヘテロ原子は,静電相互作用によって隠された弱いα-効果を明らかにする.
結論:
- α効果の行動は,静電相互作用と結合相互作用の複雑な相互作用によって支配され,通常のシステムとは大きく異なる.
- エーターは,過酸化物と比較して,カーボニル-水酸化物反応に影響を及ぼす優れた根性およびカチオン安定性を示しています.
関連する概念動画
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview
1.8K
An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
1.8K
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)
1.5K
Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling. This phenomenon, called the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring spin-active...
1.5K
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects
2.6K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
Along with electronic...
2.6K
E1 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry
12.0K
One of the critical aspects of the E1 reaction mechanism, as also observed in E2, is the regiochemistry, with multiple regioisomers obtained as products. In the example discussed, the presence of water as a weak base favors elimination over substitution to generate two alkenes. Given that alkenes’ stability increases with the number of alkyl groups across the double bond, typically, E1 reactions lead to the Zaitsev product, for this is more substituted and stable than the Hofmann product.
12.0K
¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic Protons
3.4K
Replacing each alpha-hydrogen in chloroethane by bromine (or a different functional group) yields a pair of enantiomers. Such protons are called prochiral or enantiotopic and are related by a mirror plane. Enantiotopic protons are chemically equivalent in an achiral environment. Because most proton NMR spectra are recorded using achiral solvents, enantiotopic hydrogens yield a single signal.
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
In chiral compounds such as 2-butanol, replacing the methylene hydrogens at C3 produces a pair of...
3.4K
Stereochemical Effects of Enolization
2.7K
The chiral α-carbon of the carbonyl compound is the stereocenter of the molecule. As shown in the figure below, when such a carbonyl compound undergoes racemization under an acidic or basic condition, an achiral enol is formed.
2.7K

