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What is a Nervous System?01:25

What is a Nervous System?

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Overview
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Organization of the Nervous System01:13

Organization of the Nervous System

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The nervous system is one of the most complex systems in our body. It is organized into two main divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS, comprising the brain and spinal cord, houses billions of neurons. The brain is housed in the skull, while the spinal cord is linked to the brain through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone and is surrounded by the protective structure of the vertebral column. It is responsible for processing various...
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Nervous System01:21

Nervous System

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The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
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Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Functions of the Nervous System01:18

Functions of the Nervous System

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The nervous system is responsible for coordinating and regulating the body's functions. It functions through three main processes: sensory, integrative, and motor processes. Sensory function involves the detection and transmission of information about internal and external stimuli from sensory receptors to the CNS. The CNS processes this information through an integrative function, where it interprets and makes decisions based on the incoming sensory information. Finally, the motor function...
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Functional Divisions of the Nervous System01:23

Functional Divisions of the Nervous System

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The nervous system, responsible for sensing, integrating, and responding to various stimuli, is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS has two functional divisions: the sensory or afferent division and the motor or efferent division.
The sensory division transmits information from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS. It provides the CNS with knowledge about somatic senses (such as tactile, thermal, pain, and proprioceptive sensations)...
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Microdissection of Mouse Brain into Functionally and Anatomically Different Regions
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人間の神経系 機能,構造,発達

André M M Sousa1, Kyle A Meyer1, Gabriel Santpere1

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Cell
|July 15, 2017
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ヒトの脳の進化は 神経系の大きさや 神経細胞の数が 類人猿と比べて変化していることを示しています 進行中の研究は 遺伝的および発達的要因が これらのユニークな人間の特異性を 駆り立てていることを探求しています

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Perspectives on Neuroscience
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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
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関連する実験動画

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科学分野:

  • 神経科学
  • 進化生物学
  • 比較解剖学

背景:

  • 人間の神経系 特に脳は 独特の認知能力を支えています
  • 人間の神経系の進化と 霊長類との差異を理解することは 極めて重要ですが 十分に確立されていません

研究 の 目的:

  • 人間の神経系の進化に関する最近の比較分析をレビューする.
  • ニューロンの数と ニューラル回路の組織の変化を強調する
  • 人間の神経の専門性の 発達的,遺伝的,分子的基盤について議論する.

主な方法:

  • 現存する種の比較分析
  • 神経系サイズとニューロン数の進化的変化の調査.
  • 神経回路の細胞および分子再構成の調査.

主要な成果:

  • 人間の神経系の大きさや ニューロン数の進化的変化の証拠
  • 神経回路内の細胞および分子再編成の識別.
  • 構造的・機能的差異を引き起こす 発達メカニズムの洞察

結論:

  • 人間の神経系は 霊長類と比較して 進化的に大きく変化しています
  • 発達と遺伝的要因は これらの専門性の主要な要因です
  • この分野は人間の神経系の進化と発達に関する先進的な研究に備わっている.