低体内幹細胞は,外体内ミRNAを介して部分的に老化速度を制御する.
Yalin Zhang1, Min Soo Kim1, Baosen Jia1
1Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Diabetes Research Center, Institute of Aging, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
Nature
|July 27, 2017
まとめ
下垂体幹細胞は 老化を制御します これらの細胞を消去すると 老化が加速し 細胞を回復すると 老化が遅くなり 寿命が延長されます
科学分野:
- 神経科学
- ゲロントロジー
- 細胞生物学
背景:
- 老化における下垂体役割は提案されているが,機械的には不明である.
- マウスの老化は,Sox2とBmi1を発現する下垂体幹細胞の喪失と関連している.
研究 の 目的:
- 老化過程における下垂体幹細胞/原始細胞の役割を調査する.
- これらの細胞と分泌される因子の 抗老化介入の可能性を探るため
主な方法:
- 消去された下垂体幹細胞/原始細胞 (Sox2,Bmi1共発) を有するマウスモデルの開発.
- 年老いたマウスに遺伝子組み換え 健康な下垂体幹細胞を移植する.
- 脳脊髄液におけるエクソソーマルマイクロRNA (miRNA) の分析
- 幹細胞/原始細胞由来エクソソームの中央投与
主要な成果:
- 下垂体幹細胞の切除は,老化のような生理学的変化を加速し,寿命を短縮しました.
- 健康な下垂体幹細胞の植え付けは 老化を遅らせ,寿命を延ばしました
- 脳脊髄液における外体 miRNA の減少は,老化と相関する.
- 幹細胞/原始細胞から分泌されるエクソソームによる治療は老化を遅らせた.
結論:
- 下垂体幹細胞は 老化のスピードを制御する上で 重要な役割を果たします
- 下垂体幹細胞によるエクソソーマルマイクロRNAの放出は,老化に影響を与える重要なメカニズムです.
- 低体幹細胞とそのエクソソームをターゲットにすることで 老化を遅らせる 潜在的な治療戦略が提供されます
関連する概念動画
Aging
894
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
894
Mitochondria
21.0K
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
21.0K
Replicative Cell Senescence
4.5K
Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
4.5K
The Effect of Aging on Tissues
4.0K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
4.0K
Adult Stem Cells
34.0K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
34.0K
Maintenance of the ES Cell State
2.8K
The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
2.8K


