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DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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DNA 損傷後のミトスの進行は,マイクロ核内のパターン認識を可能にします.

Shane M Harding1, Joseph L Benci2,3,4, Jerome Irianto5,6,7

  • 1Department of Cancer Biology, Basser Center for BRCA, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Nature
|August 1, 2017
PubMed
まとめ

遺伝子毒性がん治療は,細胞サイクルがミトーシスに進行し,微核の形成につながるため,炎症を遅らせます. このプロセスは,放射線と免疫チェックポイントの阻害と組み合わせた場合,アブスコパルの腫瘍反応に不可欠です.

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科学分野:

  • 腫瘍学
  • 免疫学
  • 細胞生物学

背景:

  • 遺伝子毒性がん治療は炎症性遺伝子発現を誘発しますが,その背後にあるメカニズムと発症遅延は十分に理解されていません.
  • 炎症性サイトカインは,腫瘍の微小環境を調節することによって,放射線治療に対する局所的および腹部腫瘍の反応に不可欠です.
  • 炎症反応の遅延 (数日間) は,急性DNA損傷反応 (数分から数時間) と対照的であり,速度を制限する追加のステップを示唆する.

研究 の 目的:

  • 遺伝子毒性がん治療後のDNA損傷による炎症を誘発するメカニズムを解明する.
  • 炎症シグナル伝達における細胞サイクル進行と微核形成の役割を調査する.
  • STING-cGAS経路と細胞周期調節がアブスコパルの腫瘍の回帰に与える影響を in vivoで評価する.

主な方法:

  • 二重鎖DNAの断裂,細胞周期のミトーシス経由の進行,および微核の形成との関連を調査した.
  • 炎症信号の活性化におけるマイクロ核内のサイクルGMP- AMP合成酵素 (cGAS) の役割を評価した.
  • STING- cGAS経路の阻害と細胞サイクル進行の阻害を細胞およびin vivoモデルで利用した.

主要な成果:

  • ミトーシスの後のDNA断裂による細胞サイクル進行は,炎症信号の活性化に先立つマイクロ核の形成につながります.
  • 微核はインターフェロンシグナル伝達に不可欠なパターン認識受容体であるcGASの貯蔵庫として機能する.
  • ミトーシスの阻害またはSTING- cGAS経路によるインターフェロンシグナル伝達障害; in vivoではSTINGの喪失により,アブスコパルの腫瘍の回帰が防止された.

結論:

  • 細胞サイクルの時間的な調節,特にミトーシス経由の進行およびその後の微核形成は,DNA損傷による炎症の速度を制限する重要なステップです.
  • マイクロ核によって活性化されるSTING-cGAS経路は,免疫チェックポイントのブロックと組み合わせた放射線療法に対するアブスコパル腫瘍の反応に不可欠です.
  • 細胞サイクル進行をターゲットにすることで,遺伝子毒薬と免疫チェックポイント阻害剤を組み合わせた治療戦略が改善される可能性があります.