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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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多発性筋痛症

Miguel A González-Gay1, Eric L Matteson2, Santos Castañeda3

  • 1Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Lancet (London, England)
|August 5, 2017
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

ポリミアルギー・リウマチア (PMR) は,高齢者に影響する炎症性疾患で,しばしばプレドニソロンに良好な反応を示しますが,再発は頻繁です. 耐火性の症例における 生物学的治療についてはさらなる研究が必要である.

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科学分野:

  • リウマトロジ
  • 免疫学
  • 内科 医学

背景:

  • 多発性筋痛症 (PMR) は,50歳以上の人の肩,骨盤帯,首に影響を与える炎症性疾患です.
  • 急性相反応物質の上昇は,PMRの特徴である.
  • PMRは独立してまたは巨大細胞動脈炎と共に発生し,他の様々な状態によって模倣することができます.

研究 の 目的:

  • ポリミアルギー・リウマチア の 主要 な 側面 を 概要 に し て,その 表現,診断,治療 など を 挙げ て ください.
  • 画像と現在の治療戦略の役割を強調する.
  • 将来の研究分野,特に耐火性の症例を特定する.

主な方法:

  • 多発性筋痛に関する既存の文献のレビュー
  • 胸炎やPETスキャンなどの画像検査結果を含む診断特性の分析
  • グルココルチコイドやその他の治療による治療結果の評価

主要な成果:

  • PMRは典型的な炎症マーカーを持つ 50歳以上の個人に影響します.
  • 胸炎はイメージングで一般的であり,PETスキャンでは血管の吸収を示します.
  • プレドニソロン (毎日12. 5~25. 0mg) は迅速な症状緩和をもたらすが,再発は徐々に発生する.
  • メソトレクサートは再発症例の選択肢ですが,抗IL-6のような生物学的薬はさらなる研究が必要です.

結論:

  • PMRは治療可能な炎症性疾患で,主にグルココルチコイドで管理されます.
  • グルココルチコイド耐性PMRの再発予防と管理は依然として課題です.
  • 治療が難しいPMRでは 生物学的薬のような新しい治療法に関するさらなる調査が必要である.