異常な成長の修正は,組織ホメオスタシスを保ちます

Samara Brown¹, Cristiana M Pineda¹, Tianchi Xin¹

¹Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.

Nature

|August 8, 2017

まとめ

健康な皮膚は突然変異した細胞を積極的に排除し,異常な成長が目に見える損傷を引き起こさないようにしますこれは細胞が変異しても皮膚が正常な形と機能を保つ驚くべき能力を示しています.

科学分野:

発達生物学
細胞生物学
組織ホメオスタシス

背景:

変異は健康な組織で頻繁に起こり細胞の過剰増殖のような異常な行動に繋がります
変異にもかかわらず,組織はしばしば表型的に正常であり続けるが,この耐性を支えるメカニズムは不明である.

研究の目的:

大人の皮膚の表皮が変異細胞や変形によって組織構造とホメオスタシスを維持する方法を研究する.
異常な組織構造の除去や修正に関与する細胞の行動を明らかにする.

主な方法:

活性化されたWnt/β-カタニン幹細胞を含むマウスの皮膚表皮の運命を追跡するために,腸内画像を用いた.
この研究では,成長の回帰と変異細胞を排除する野生型の細胞の役割が分析されました.

主要な成果:

皮膚の構造を変形させたすべての腫瘍はサイズに関係なく回復した.
野生型の細胞は細胞の様々な行動によって変異した細胞を積極的に排除し異常な構造を解体しました
回復後,残った構造は除去されたり,機能的な皮膚付属体に変換されたりしました.
皮膚は腫瘍性Hras誘発の異常と変異独立の変形を修正することで可塑性を示した.

結論:

大人の皮膚の表皮は,変異的および非変異的攻撃の両方を許容して,有意な可塑性を示します.
細胞のダイナミックな振る舞いは損傷後の皮膚の恒常性を回復するために重要です
この研究では皮膚の組織耐性と修復の原理が保存されていることが明らかになりました

さらに関連する動画

11:41

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity

Published on: June 16, 2022

2.5K

06:53

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

Published on: July 4, 2017

11.7K

関連する概念動画

02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

5.3K

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...

5.3K

01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

6.2K

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...

6.2K

02:36

Cells Coordinate Growth and Proliferation

5.2K

Cell size is a significant factor impacting cellular design, function, and fitness. There exists some internal coordination by which cells double their masses before division, thus, achieving homeostasis. Coordination between cell growth and proliferation depends on the checkpoints in between cell cycle phases. Loss of coordination or failure in the checkpoint mechanism can drive the cell to uncontrolled growth and loss of cellular function. Like dividing cells that coordinate cellular growth,...

5.2K

01:19

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

5.5K

Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
All animals have varying degrees of...

5.5K

01:10

Homeostatic Imbalance

37.5K

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, which is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. The body has various control mechanisms that work together to regulate various physiological parameters such as temperature, blood pressure, pH balance, and fluid balance, to name a few. These control mechanisms are based on feedback loops that can be either positive or negative.
However, sometimes these feedback loops fail,...

37.5K

01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.6K

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.