ミューテーションは4千万年のフライ翼の進化を予測する

David Houle¹, Geir H Bolstad^1,2, Kim van der Linde^1,3

¹Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.

Nature

|August 10, 2017

まとめ

変異

科学分野:

進化生物学
遺伝学
発達生物学

背景:

適応の形成における突然変異の役割は議論されている.
進化論的仮説は変異の供給が適応を制限することを示唆しているが経験的証拠は限られている.
変異がフェノタイプの分岐に及ぼす影響を理解することは極めて重要です.

研究の目的:

変異,遺伝的多様性,進化の速度の関係を定量化する.
適応の制約として突然変異の供給に関する進化論的仮説を検証する.
変異がドロソフィリドのハエの表型分岐に及ぼす影響を調査する.

主な方法:

ドロソフィリドフライの5万羽以上の正確な形状データ分析
変異的変異の定量化,遺伝的変異の定常化,そして現象的進化の速度.
進化モデルと制約仮説との経験的データの比較

主要な成果:

変異,遺伝的変異,進化の速さとの間に予期せぬほど強い正の関係を示した.
観察された進化の速度は,変異と定常の変異によって予測されたより著しく低い.
進化における変異の既存のモデルに異議を唱えるような単純な制約仮説と矛盾する証拠が見つかりました

結論:

変異と遺伝的変異は進化の速度と密接に関連しています
進化の速度は変異の供給によってではなく他の要因によって制約されているようです
進化における変異の役割に関する既存のモデルは再評価を必要としている.

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