眼パッチ:インデックスグラデントのイカのレンズのタンパク質組成
J Cai1, J P Townsend2, T C Dodson1
1University of Pennsylvania, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 12, 2017
まとめ
イカは球状のS-結晶タンパク質を進化させ,レンズにコロイドゲルを形成した. この自己組み立ては透明なレンズ材料を作り,タンパク質構造による光学偏差を回避します.
科学分野:
- バイオ物理学
- 材料科学
- 進化生物学
背景:
- 球形のレンズには球形の偏差があり,光学的な明晰さを制限する歪みがあります.
- 自然は複雑な物理的な課題に 洗練された解決策をしばしば開発します 例えば 生物学的構造において 光学的な完璧さを達成するなどです
- イカのレンズの透明性と折射力は 視力にとって極めて重要です
研究 の 目的:
- クラゲのレンズの構造を 調べるためだ
- レンズの透明性を形成し,光学的偏差を回避するS-結晶タンパク質の役割を理解する.
- レンズ材料の自己組み立ての背後にある 進化的メカニズムを探求する
主な方法:
- スモールアングルX線散射 (SAXS) 実験はイカのレンズ組織で実施された.
- タンパク質の構造,特に無秩序なループとその相互作用の分析.
- レンズ内の異なる放射線位置でのコロイドゼルの形成を調査する.
主要な成果:
- スカミのレンズは球状のS-結晶タンパク質によって動かされる ぼちぼちのコロイド状の物理性を表しています
- S-結晶は,すべての放射位置で,密度や粒子値が異なるコロイドゲルを形成する.
- 低バレンスの結合と無秩序なタンパク質ループの間の水素結合は,安定した,体積をカバーするゲルに自己組み立てを容易にする.
結論:
- S-結晶タンパク質の進化は,機能的な体積材料に自己組み立てられるための特定の結合器を備えている.
- このタンパク質ベースの自己組み立てメカニズムは,球形の偏差を回避する透明なレンズ材料の作成を可能にします.
- この研究は,生物系におけるナノ粒子の自己組み立てのための進化した戦略を明らかにしています.
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