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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

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Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
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Lethal Alleles02:41

Lethal Alleles

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Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

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ミュータントが来た

Daniel A Friedman1, Deborah M Gordon1, Liqun Luo2

  • 1Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Cell
|August 13, 2017
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

研究者はアリでCRISPR/Cas9遺伝子ノックアウトを開発し 社会的な昆虫が 行動を組織するために 匂いをどう使うかについての新しい研究を可能にしました この遺伝子ツールにより 昆虫の社会組織と 嗅覚コミュニケーションの理解が進んでいます

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Generation of Marked and Markerless Mutants in Model Cyanobacterial Species
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Generation of Marked and Markerless Mutants in Model Cyanobacterial Species
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Optogenetic Random Mutagenesis Using Histone-miniSOG in C. elegans
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科学分野:

  • 遺伝学とゲノミクス
  • 行動エコロジー
  • 昆虫学

背景:

  • アリのような社会的な昆虫は 複雑な集団行動を示します
  • 嗅覚は 昆虫の社会的なコミュニケーションと 組織化に不可欠です
  • アリのゲノムを操作する 遺伝的手段は限られています

研究 の 目的:

  • 2種類のアリでCRISPR/Cas9による 遺伝子ノックアウトを確立する
  • アリの社会的行動に関する 機能的遺伝学的な研究を可能にします
  • 嗅覚信号処理と集団行動における特定の遺伝子の役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • CRISPR/Cas9遺伝子編集は2つの選択されたアリ種の胚に適用されました.
  • 遺伝子の機能を評価するために標的の遺伝子ノックアウトが生成されました.
  • 嗅覚反応と社会的組織に対する遺伝子改変の影響を観察するために,行動分析が行われました.

主要な成果:

  • CRISPR/Cas9遺伝子のノックアウトが 対象となるアリ種で成功しました
  • アリの遺伝子機能の研究に この技術を使うことの 可能性を示した.
  • 初期の発見は 特定の遺伝子がコロニーの行動に 重要な嗅覚情報処理に関与していることを示唆しています

結論:

  • CRISPR/Cas9遺伝子ノックアウトは アリの研究の強力な新しいツールです
  • この技術は 昆虫の社会的行動の 遺伝的基盤を解剖する道を開きます
  • 今後の研究で 嗅覚による集団行動の 背後にある分子メカニズムを 調べることができます