CMTM6とCMTM4をPD-L1タンパク質の調節体として識別する
Riccardo Mezzadra1, Chong Sun1, Lucas T Jae2
1Division of Molecular Oncology &Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Nature
|August 17, 2017
まとめ
研究者らは,転移したがんのPD-L1発現を制御するタンパク質であるCMTM6を発見しました. CMTM6はPD- L1を安定させ,T細胞の反応を抑制する能力を高め,がん治療の新たな標的となる.
科学分野:
- 免疫学
- 癌 生物学
- 分子細胞生物学
背景:
- PD-1/PD-L1軸は,様々な転移性がんにおける抗腫瘍T細胞の反応を抑制するために重要である.
- PD-L1の発現は重要なものの,その正確な調節は十分に理解されていない.
- PD-L1の調節を理解することは,効果的ながん免疫療法の開発に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- プログラムされた死亡リガンド1 (PD-L1) タンパク質発現の新規調節体を特定する.
- 特定されたレギュレータがPD-L1タンパク質のレベルと機能に影響を与えるメカニズムを解明する.
- PD-L1 調節を標的とした治療戦略を探る.
主な方法:
- PD-L1を調節するタンパク質を特定するために ハプロイド遺伝子スクリーニングを行いました
- 遺伝子組み換えスクリーンを利用し 補完実験を行いました
- CMTM6がPD- L1の転写,ユビキチン化,タンパク質の半減期に及ぼす影響を調査した.
- PD- L1 を発現する腫瘍細胞によるT細胞抑制に対するCMTM6の影響を評価した.
主要な成果:
- 異膜タンパク質であるCMTM6をPD-L1タンパク質の新たな調節剤として特定した.
- CMTM6とそのファミリーメンバーであるCMTM4は,他のCMTMとは異なり,PD- L1タンパク質の発現を阻害する.
- 転写に影響を与えることなく,そのユビキチン化を減らし,半減期を延長することによって,CMTM6はPD- L1を安定させる.
- CMTM6はPD- L1媒介によるT細胞応答の抑制を強める.
結論:
- PD-L1タンパク質の安定性と機能は,CMTM6とCMTM4による調節に依存しています.
- CMTM6は,細胞表面でのPD- L1タンパク質濃度の正の調節剤として作用する.
- CMTM6/4とPD- L1の相互作用をターゲットにすることで,がんにおけるPD- 1/ PD- L1経路を阻害する新しい戦略を提示します.
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